Efficient and promising oxidative desulfurization of fuel using Fenton like deep eutectic solvent.

Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) has emerged as a prominent technique for the removal of sulfur compounds from fuels, aiming to comply with stringent environmental regulations and minimize sulfur dioxide emissions. Herein, Fenton-like deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized as a catalyst and reaction medium and their application for the ODS process was investigated. The study encompassed the optimization of DES composition, reaction conditions, and the influence of different parameters on the desulfurization efficiency. The experimental findings demonstrated that the Fenton-like DES exhibited outstanding catalytic activity in the oxidative desulfurization of fuel. The optimized conditions involved conducting the reaction at room temperature for 2.5 h, using 200 mg of the prepared DES (HNFM-FeCl4) as both the extraction solvent and catalyst. An oxidant-to-sulfur (O/S) ratio of approximately 3:1 was maintained, with a 30 wt% H2O2 solution utilized as the oxidant. The analysis of the reaction products using GC-MS revealed a remarkable yield of 98% for dibenzothiophene sulfone. The DES provided a suitable medium for the reaction, enhancing the solubility and availability of sulfur compounds. The iron catalyst, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, facilitated the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds to their corresponding sulfones, which can be easily separated from the fuel phase. The DES catalysts exhibited stability and recyclability, making them suitable for practical applications in fuel desulfurization processes.

The role of ionic liquid [C4 C1 im]Br as an adjuvant on the two-phase formation and the extraction of l-phenylalanine in ABS composed of PEG400 and potassium citrate at different temperatures.

The potential of {polyethylene glycol 400 + potassium citrate} aqueous biphasic system (ABS) with ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C4 C1 im]Br) as an adjuvant is examined for the extraction of l-phenylalanine (Phe), as a model biomolecule, at different temperatures and system compositions. The binodal curves and liquid-liquid equilibrium data were determined by the addition of 5 wt% IL to investigate its effect on phase diagrams and Phe partition coefficients. The results indicate that binodal curves of systems with and without IL are more deviated from each other with decreasing temperature. Moreover, IL has a high tendency to partition into the PEG-rich phase. This tendency increases with increasing temperature and system compositions. For Phe, the partition coefficients obtained in this work (KPhe ≈ 5.5-81.2) are significantly higher than those observed in other conventional PEG-inorganic salt ABS (KPhe ≈ 0.5-2.5), water-immiscible ILs two-phase extraction systems (KPhe ≈ 0.02-1.2), or even, in the IL-based ABS with the same IL as the main phase-forming component (KPhe ≈ 3.2). The phase hydrophobicity, salting-out and π⋯π stacking seem to be the main driving forces to affect the extraction aptitude of the studied ABS for Phe. Furthermore, the performance of using [C4 C1 im]Br as adjuvant to improve the partition of Phe in the studied ABS at different temperatures seems to be ruled by the differences in the phases hydrophobicities. Finally, the experimental tie lines and partition coefficients are accurately correlated using the NRTL model. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2018 © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1149-1166, 2018.

A new aqueous biphasic system containing polypropylene glycol and a water-miscible ionic liquid.

In this work, we proposed a novel aqueous biphasic system (ABS) composed of polypropylene glycol P400 (PPG P400) and hydrophilic ionic liquids (IL), 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (alkyl = ethyl or butyl), forming an upper polymer-rich phase and a lower IL-rich phase at ambient temperature. This new ABS can present interesting characteristics shared by ILs and polymers such as low volatility, good solvation ability, tunable physical properties, and high design capacity for achieving task-specific phase components to enhance the partitioning of target species. Ternary phase diagram of the novel ABS formed by PPG 400 and [C(2) mim]Br in water was measured at T = 298.15 K. Factors affecting the binodal curves such as the cation side alkyl chain length and the temperature were also evaluated. The results were successfully interpreted in terms of the kosmotropic/chaotropic nature of ILs. Furthermore, the phase behavior of the PPG-[C(2) mim]Br ABS is described by the NRTL model. Finally, the extraction potential of the proposed ABS was evaluated through its application to the extraction of the essential amino acids such as L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine. The partition coefficients here obtained demonstrated the fine potential of the proposed ABS for biomolecules separation.

Partitioning of amino acids in the aqueous biphasic system containing the water-miscible ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and the water-structuring salt potassium citrate.

In biotechnology, extraction by means of aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) is known as a promising tool for the recovery and purification of bio-molecules. Over the past decade, the increasing emphasis on cleaner and environmentally benign extraction procedures has led to enhanced interest in the ABS containing ionic liquids (ILs)-a new class of non-volatile alternative solvents. ABS composed of the hydrophilic IL {1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C4 mim]Br)} and potassium citrate-which is easily degraded-represents a clean media to green separation of bio-molecules. In this regard, here, the extraction capability of this ABS was evaluated through its application to the extraction of some amino acids. To gain an insight into the driving forces of amino acid partitioning in the studied IL-based ABS, the distribution of five model amino acids (L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-leucine, and L-valine) at different aqueous medium pH values and different phase compositions was investigated. The studies indicated that hydrophobic interactions were the main driving force, although electrostatic interactions and salting-out effects were also important for the transfer of the amino acids. Moreover, based on the statistical analysis of the driving forces of amino acid partitioning in the studied IL-based ABS, a model was established to describe the partition coefficient of three model amino acids, L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, and L-valine, and employed to predict the partition coefficient of two other model amino acids, L-tyrosine and L-leucine.