What Affects Postoperative Sinusitis and Implant Failure after Dental Implant: A Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The dental implant is an innovative instrument that enables the edentulous patient to chew. Many factors have a bearing on the success of dental implantation. There are also many complications after dental implantation. In this meta-analysis, we investigated which factors increase the risk of postoperative sinusitis and implant failure after dental implant for the first time. DATA SOURCES: Included data were searched through the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and 2 authors (J.S.K., S.H.K.) independently extracted data by multiple observers. REVIEW METHODS: We used a random-effects model considering the variation between and within the included studies. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were included in our final meta-analysis. The proportion of postoperative sinusitis, perforation of the sinus membrane, and implant failure was 0.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.07), 0.17 (95% CI, 0.13-0.22), and 0.05 (95% CI, 0.04-0.07), respectively, using the single proportion test. The only factors that affected postoperative sinusitis were preoperative sinusitis and intraoperative perforation of the Schneiderian membrane ( P < .01 and P < .01, respectively). The only factors that affected dental implant failure were smoking and residual bone height of the maxilla ( P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Two factors affect postoperative sinusitis after implant surgery: preoperative sinusitis and Schneiderian membrane rupture. It should also be noted that the factors affecting implant failure are residual bone height and smoking. These findings will have a significant impact on the counseling and treatment policy of patients who receive dental implants.

Changes in Oral Vowel Sounds and Hyoid Bone Movement After Thyroidectomy.

OBJECTIVES: Voice and speech alterations after total thyroidectomy may be associated with other extralaryngeal factors, such as neck muscle dysfunction and neck scar contracture. We evaluated the acoustic characteristics of oral vowel sounds and changes in hyoid bone movement before and after thyroidectomy. METHODS: Twenty-nine female patients undergoing total thyroidectomy were included. Fundamental frequencies (Fo), formants and vowel space areas were evaluated before surgery and 7 days and 3 months after surgery to acoustically analyze the oral vowel sounds. Videofluoroscopic images were taken at the same times to evaluate hyoid bone movement. RESULTS: The Fo levels of seven vowels decreased significantly after surgery. The vowel formant changes the F1 of vowel /[e]/ decreased significantly from baseline at 3 months postoperatively, and the F3 of vowel /[i]/ decreased significantly from baseline 7 days postoperatively. The change in the vowel space area was not observed. The Y coordinate of the vowels /[i]/ and /[e]/ decreased significantly from baseline 7 days postoperatively due to changes in hyoid movement. CONCLUSION: The damage to the neck muscles after thyroidectomy changes in Fo, formant and hyoid bone position. These quantitative results could be used as basic data for voice management in patients who undergo thyroidectomy.

Sternohyoid muscle syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Patients presenting with neck mass are challenging for many otolaryngologists. If a mass on the lower lateral neck exists with swallowing and disappears after swallowing, it has been diagnosed as an omohyoid syndrome in most literature. The mechanism of sternohyoid syndrome has not been proven or investigated before. We investigated sternohyoid syndrome, commonly misdiagnosed as an omohyoid syndrome. METHODS AND PATIENTS: Two patients were investigated. Outpatient photography, computed tomography and operating findings were reviewed. We found that the sternohyoid muscle was inserted at an abnormal site, the midportion of the clavicle. There was no abnormality of other muscles. We also reviewed all literature that previously diagnosed this condition as an omohyoid syndrome. RESULTS: There was no literature about sternohyoid syndrome. We found that the abnormal muscle is a sternohyoid muscle and not omohyoid muscle. The color of the left sternohyoid muscle was dark red, and the fascia covering the muscle was denuded. The muscle had lost elasticity and moved abnormally. CONCLUSION: Our patients did not have omohyoid syndrome. The symptoms of omohyoid syndrome are the same as sternohyoid syndrome but the problematic muscle is different. This is the first known report diagnosing sternohyoid syndrome, and should be a consideration in the diagnosis of a lateral neck mass.