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1.
Curr Issues Mol Biol ; 43(3): 1669-1684, 2021 Oct 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34698102

RESUMO

Postmenopausal syndrome refers to symptoms caused by the gradual decrease in female hormones after mid-40 years. As a target organ of estrogen, decrease in estrogen causes various changes in brain function such as a decrease in choline acetyltransferase and brain-derived neurotrophic factor; thus, postmenopausal women experience cognitive decline and more depressive symptoms than age-matched men. Radix Polygalae has been used for memory boosting and as a mood stabilizer and its components have shown neuroprotective, antidepressant, and stress relief properties. In a mouse model of estrogen depletion induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, Radix Polygalae was orally administered for 3 weeks. In these animals, cognitive and depression-related behaviors and molecular changes related to these behaviors were measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Radix Polygalae improved working memory and contextual memory and despair-related behaviors in 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-treated mice without increasing serum estradiol levels in this model. In relation to these behaviors, choline acetyltransferase and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and bcl-2-associated athanogene expression increased in the hippocampus. These results implicate the possible benefit of Radix Polygalae in use as a supplement of estrogen to prevent conditions such as postmenopausal depression and cognitive decline.


Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/metabolismo , Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/metabolismo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Estradiol/metabolismo , Menopausa/efeitos dos fármacos , Menopausa/metabolismo , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ciclo Estral/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Estral/metabolismo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Camundongos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Vagina/efeitos dos fármacos , Vagina/metabolismo , Vagina/patologia
2.
Behav Brain Res ; 380: 112439, 2020 02 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31862467

RESUMO

Chronic stress is depressogenic by altering neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory environments of the organism. The endocannabinoid system controls cognitive and emotional responses related with stress through the interaction with endocannabinoid receptors. ß-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a CB2 agonist that exhibited anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects but minimal psychoactive effects. To test if BCP exhibits antidepressant-like action, animals were chronically restrained with additional stressors for 28 days, and BCP (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected once a day during the stress inflicting period. Then despair related behaviors and hippocampal expression of neurotrophic, inflammatory and cannabinoid receptor levels were measured. To test the effect of BCP on long-term depression, field potentials were measured during the application of lipopolysaccharide and low frequency stimulation. In the tail suspension test and forced swim test, chronic stress-induced despair behaviors were reduced by BCP. Also BCP improved the stress-related changes in the hippocampal expression of COX-2, BDNF, and CB2 receptor expression. In organotypic hippocampal slices, BCP reduced the lipopolysaccharide-induced intensification of the long-term depression. In conclusion, BCP improved chronic stress related behavioral and biochemical changes. These results suggest that BCP may be effective in treating depression and stress related mental illnesses.


Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide , Estresse Psicológico/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/metabolismo , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Restrição Física , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia
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