RESUMO
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different levels of a Chinese herbal medicine formulation combined with JM113 (CHM-JM113) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, organ index, and intestinal health of AA broilers. The AA broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 5 treatments as follows: a basic diet for the control group, the basic diet supplemented with 0.25% CHM-JM113, 0.5% CHM-JM113, 1% CHM-JM113 and 2% CHM-JM113 for the treatment group, respectively. The results showed that the addition of CHM-JM113 to the diet significantly reduced the mortality (p < 0.01) and improved the European Broiler Index (EBI) (p < 0.05), whereas it had no significance on growth performance of AA broilers (p > 0.05). Comparing the control group, 0.5 and 1% CHM-JM113 group significantly improved the organ index of liver, spleen and bursa (p < 0.05). In terms of intestinal morphology and structure, the addition of different levels of CHM-JM113 increased VH and VH/CD ratio, decreased CD in the small intestine compared to the control group, with 1 and 2% of the additive dose being more effective (p < 0.05). Chinese herbal medicine and probiotics as natural antioxidants also significantly increased the content of SOD in serum of 21-day-old broilers (p < 0.01), and significantly decreased the content of MDA in serum (p < 0.01). At 42 days of age, the addition of 1 and 2% CHM-JM113 significantly increased the content of SOD (p < 0.01) and significantly decreased the content of MDA in the organism (p < 0.01), accompanied by a significant increase in T-AOC and CAT content. In the study of the effect of CHM-JM113 on intestinal immunity, compared with the control group, we found that 1% or 2% CHM-JM113 had a better effect on the expression of occludin and claudin-1 in the intestinal segments of broilers (p < 0.05). For the expression of GATA-3, 0.5% CHM-JM113 may have a better effect (p < 0.05). CHM-JM113 may be used as an antibiotic alternative in broiler production.
RESUMO
In this study, we examined plant C:N:P stoichiometry of herbaceous plants in different sections (stable area, unstable area and deposition area) of the unstable slope on both shade and sunny aspects of dry-hot valley with different soil properties. The results showed that C concentration (320.59 g·kg-1), N concentration (12.15 g·kg-1), and N:P ratio (25.37) of shoot on the unstable slope were significantly higher than those of root, with 254.01 g·kg-1, 6.12 g·kg-1 and 13.43, respectively. The average value of the C:N ratio was significantly higher in root (43.09) than shoot (31.90). The C content and N:P ratio of shoot and root in stable and unstable areas were significantly higher than in deposition area, whereas the N content in unstable area was significantly higher than that in deposition area on the sunny slope. In addition, the N and P contents of shoot and the root P content in deposition area were significantly higher than in stable and unstable areas, whereas the C content of root in stable and unstable areas were significantly higher than in deposition area on the shade slope. Moreover, the shoot growth of plants was mainly limited by P, whereas root growth was mainly limited by N and the limitation gradually increased as the section goes down. Soil water content (SWC) was an important factor controlling the C, N, and P contents change of shoot with the relative influence ratios of 28.8%, 20.8%, and 19.9%, respectively. Soil organic carbon (SOC) had a significant impact on the C and P contents of root with the relative influence ratios of 49.5% and 22.1%. The change of root N content was mainly affected by soil pH (24.3%). Our results revealed that nutrient allocation of plant was significantly affected by slope aspects, sections and soil factors, which were mainly constituted by SWC, SOC, and soil pH.
