Infant sleep interventions with sleep measurements using actigraphy: A systematic review.

AIM: This review investigated the outcomes and methodological quality of infant sleep intervention studies utilizing actigraphy. BACKGROUND: Parents need appropriate support for infant sleep from nurses. There are few methodological reports of actigraphy in infant sleep intervention studies that objectively measure infant sleep in a natural setting. DESIGN: This was a systematic review study. DATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from database establishment to 30 December 2021. REVIEW METHODS: This systematic review utilized the Cochrane Collaboration review guidelines. RESULTS: Eleven sleep intervention studies were reviewed. Three used extinction-based behavioural interventions, and eight included parental education programs. The infant sleep interventions positively affected the sleep outcomes of both infants and parents. Fairly consistent effects were found on infants' number of awakenings and sleep onset latency. However, parental psychosocial outcomes were inconsistent. All studies reported device placement, the algorithm for analysis, the use of a sleep diary and number of days/nights, but external movements affecting infants' sleep records were insufficiently reported. Only two studies had a low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: The infant sleep interventions had positive effects on both infants and their parents. Comprehensive methodological considerations are required for more standardized assessments using actigraphy for infant sleep evaluation.

Factors associated with healthcare utilization for infant falls in South Korea: a cross-sectional online survey.

PURPOSE: Falls are a common cause of unintentional injuries in infants. This study was conducted to examine the patterns of healthcare utilization following infant falls in South Korea. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized an online survey designed to gather information regarding the general characteristics of parents and infants, fall-related variables, and healthcare use. RESULTS: The most serious falls identified by parents occurred at an average infant age of 6.97 months. Most fall incidents took place indoors (95.7%), and many occurred under the supervision of caregivers (68.0%). Following the fall, 36.4% of the participants used healthcare services. Logistic regression analysis revealed that healthcare use following an infant fall was significantly associated with being a firstborn child (odds ratio [OR]=5.32, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-15.28) and falling from a caregiver's arms (OR=4.22; 95% CI, 1.45-13.68). CONCLUSION: To prevent and decrease the frequency of infant falls, improvements are needed in both the domestic environment and parenting approaches.

Factors Associated with Handwashing Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the Community Health Survey in Korea.

Introduction: Handwashing is the most effective preventive behavior for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection. However, research has shown the lower handwashing behaviors among Korean adults. Objectives: This study aims to analyze factors associated with handwashing as a preventive behavior for COVID-19 infection based on the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) behavioral theories. Methods: This secondary data analysis utilized the Community Health Survey developed by Disease Control and Prevention Agency conducted in 2020. Sampling method was stratified and targeted 900 people living in the territory of each community public health center. In total, 228,344 cases were used in the analysis. Handwashing behavior, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, subjective norm, and influenza vaccine uptake were used in the analysis. Regression analysis using weighing strategy by stratification and domain analysis was used. Results: Less washing hand was associated with older age (B = 0.01, p < .001), males (B = 0.42, p < .001), not receiving an influenza vaccine (B = 0.09, p < .001), perceived susceptibility (B = 0.12, p < .001), subjective norm (B = 0.05, p < .001), and perceived severity (B = -0.04, p < .001). Conclusion: While perceived susceptibility and social norm had positive association, perceived severity had a negative association with handwashing. Considering the Korean culture, creating a shared norm for frequent handwashing could be beneficial to promote handwashing rather than emphasizing the disease and its consequences.

A guide to oral vaccination: Highlighting electrospraying as a promising manufacturing technique toward a successful oral vaccine development.

Most vaccines approved by regulatory bodies are administered via intramuscular or subcutaneous injections and have shortcomings, such as the risk of needle-associated blood infections, pain and swelling at the injection site. Orally administered vaccines are of interest, as they elicit both systemic and mucosal immunities, in which mucosal immunity would neutralize the mucosa invading pathogen before the onset of an infection. Hence, oral vaccination can eliminate the injection associated adverse effects and enhance the person's compliance. Conventional approaches to manufacturing oral vaccines, such as coacervation, spray drying, and membrane emulsification, tend to alter the structural proteins in vaccines that result from high temperature, organic and toxic solvents during production. Electrohydrodynamic processes, specifically electrospraying, could solve these challenges, as it also modulates antigen release and has a high loading efficiency. This review will highlight the mucosal immunity and biological basis of the gastrointestinal immune system, different oral vaccine delivery approaches, and the application of electrospraying in vaccines development.

Factors Associated with the HPV Vaccination among Korean Americans and Koreans: A Systematic Review.

Koreans and Korean Americans (KAs) have limited HPV knowledge and awareness. KAs share a culture with Koreans, and this culture has affected their behavior around HPV. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the factors associated with HPV vaccination among Koreans and KAs. The literature search was done with four databases. The vaccination rate, awareness and knowledge of HPV, and factors associated with vaccination intention were identified. Eighteen articles were selected. Koreans and KAs had low levels of HPV knowledge and awareness. Perceived benefits and seriousness were associated with vaccination intention. Cervical cancer history, beliefs that their daughters need a pap smear test, sexual intercourse experiences, occupation, low education, and income were associated with vaccination intention. This systematic review discovered that HPV vaccination behavior is associated with HPV vaccine awareness, perceived benefits of the vaccine, and the perceived seriousness of HPV infection among Koreans and KAs. Based on the results, we suggest healthcare providers provide a HPV vaccine recommendation by emphasizing the benefits of the vaccination to Koreans and KAs. This study can be the basis for developing interventions to increase HPV vaccination by guiding the target population and variables, as well as the intervention content.

The Research Trends of Pharmacopuncture Therapy on Cervical Pain Caused by Traffic Accidents.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review Korean domestic studies and investigate the research trends of pharmacopuncture therapy on cervical pain caused by traffic accidents. METHODS: Domestic studies between February 1999 and May 2020 from four Korean databases were searched with combinations of keywords 'cervical pain', 'traffic accident', 'whiplash injury', and 'pharmacopuncture'. RESULTS: 17 studies were selected for review, including 7 randomized controlled trials, 5 retrospective observational studies, 3 case reports, and 2 non-randomized controlled trials. Each study was reviewed by published year, study type, types of pharmacopuncture solutions, selected acupuncture points, dosage of pharmacopuncture solutions, frequency of treatment, concurrent treatments, outcome measurements, and the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture therapy. The results are as follows (1) It showed that the total number of published studies had increased slightly in the last 10 years compared to the previous decade. (2) The pharmacopuncture solutions used in the studies were in the following order Bee-Venom (), Jungsongouhyul (), Hwangryunhaedoktang () and Soyeom (). Frequently used acupuncture points were GB20, GV21, A-shi point, GV16, EX-B2, and SI15 in order. (3) The most commonly used total injection dosage was 1.0 cc at a time, and the frequency of treatment was twice a week. (4) Concurrent treatments such as acupuncture, herbal medication, physical therapy and Chuna manual therapy were performed in all 17 studies. (5) Pharmacopuncture therapy showed positive effects on cervical pain caused by traffic accidents in all 17 studies reviewed. CONCLUSION: Pharmacopuncture therapy was effective in cervical pain caused by traffic accidents in all 17 studies selected. Further studies will be needed using more larger scales and more objective data to confirm the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture therapy and to generalize its application.

Smart Accessibility: Design Process of Integrated Geospatial Data Models to Present User-Customized Universal Design Information.

Environmental accessibility information measured by universal design guidelines does not exist in a form that can be effectively implemented as a geospatial database. Thus, this study explored the design process of a smart accessibility data model that integrates geospatial data with environmental accessibility information in a mixed indoor/outdoor environment. First, a typology of accessibility information integrated with universally designed geospatial information was identified, and a field experiment was conducted to observe components of the built environment and environment-behavior interactions during travel in a sightseeing area of Seoul, South Korea. The analysis found that each user group, namely people with mobility impairments, visual impairments, or hearing impairments, had different barriers, and facilitators in the environment. Certain barriers for one group could work as facilitators for another, and vice versa; also, some components previously classified as facilitators failed to actually fulfill that function. Additionally, the user groups demonstrated different prioritization of spatial attributes. The findings of the field study were organized in the data model as priority information and weighted values according to user group. The smart accessibility data model developed in this study has implications for designing user-customized multimodal systems, such as wayfinding services and web-based maps, that are useful to everyone, regardless of their ability or age. Furthermore, it increases the users' decision-making power to plan a trip and can exert invisible pressure inducing physical improvements in the areas that lack accessibility, through visually displaying accurate information on the physical environment.

Association of Weight Control Behaviors with Body Mass Index in Korean Adolescents: A Quantile Regression Approach.

PURPOSE: Adolescents are interested in weight control but likely practice unhealthy weight control behaviors. This study aimed to examine weight control behaviors associated with body mass index (BMI) in Korean adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study of 16- to 19-year-old adolescents (97 girls and 90 boys), analyses were conducted of physical activity, sedentary behaviors, dietary behaviors, and self-efficacy for physical activity and diet. Daily steps were measured using pedometers. Height and weight were self-reported. We conducted descriptive statistics and quantile regression analysis using STATA 14.0. RESULTS: About 10% were underweight, and 8.6% overweight and obese. Average weekday and weekend steps/day were <10,000. Only 4.3% reported performing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily. Less than half (42.5%) reported that they had three meals/day every day. Most (89.3%) had milk less than once/day. Quantile regression showed that, for the 5th BMI percentile group, (1) age (ß = 0.941) and milk consumption (ß = 2.148) were significantly positively associated with BMI, whereas (2) dietary self-efficacy (ß = -0.083) was significantly negatively associated with BMI. For the 95th percentile group, having three meals/day (ß = 2.558) was significantly positively associated with BMI, whereas MVPA (ß = -5.440) and muscle-strengthening exercise (ß = -3.392) were significantly negatively associated with BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Milk consumption was positively associated with BMI of underweight adolescents, whereas physical activities were negatively associated with BMI of overweight and obese adolescents. PRACTICE IMPLICATION: Weight control programs for adolescents may need to be tailored for differing BMI levels.