Perpendicular Manganite Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Induced by Interfacial Coupling.

The half-metallic manganite oxide La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) has a very high spin polarization of ∼100%, making it ideal for ferromagnetic electrodes to realize tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR). Because of the in-plane magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnetic LSMO electrode, which leads to the density limit of memory, realizing perpendicular tunneling in manganite-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) is critical for future applications. Here, we design and fabricate manganite-based MTJs composed of alternately stacked cobaltite and manganite layers that demonstrate strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) induced by interfacial coupling. Moreover, spin-dependent tunneling behaviors with an out-of-plane magnetic field were observed in the perpendicular MTJs. We found that the direct tunneling effect plays a dominant role in the low bias region during the transport behavior of devices, which is associated with thermionic emission of electrons or oxygen vacancies in the high bias region. Our works of realizing perpendicular tunneling in manganite-based MTJs lead to new approaches for designing and developing all-oxide spintronic devices.

Super-Flexible Freestanding BiMnO3 Membranes with Stable Ferroelectricity and Ferromagnetism.

Multiferroic materials with flexibility are expected to make great contributions to flexible electronic applications, such as sensors, memories, and wearable devices. In this work, super-flexible freestanding BiMnO3 membranes with simultaneous ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism are synthesized using water-soluble Sr3 Al2 O6 as the sacrificial buffer layer. The super-flexibility of BiMnO3 membranes is demonstrated by undergoing an ≈180° folding during an in situ bending test, which is consistent with the results of first-principles calculations. The piezoelectric signal under a bending radius of ≈500 µm confirms the stable existence of electric polarization in freestanding BiMnO3 membranes. Moreover, the stable ferromagnetism of freestanding BiMnO3 membranes is demonstrated after 100 times bending cycles with a bending radius of ≈2 mm. 5.1% uniaxial tensile strain is achieved in freestanding BiMnO3 membranes, and the piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) phase retention behaviors confirm that the ferroelectricity of membranes can survive stably up to the strain of 1.7%. These super-flexible membranes with stable ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism pave ways to the realizations of multifunctional flexible electronics.

High-Conductive Protonated Layered Oxides from H2 O Vapor-Annealed Brownmillerites.

Protonated 3d transition-metal oxides often display low electronic conduction, which hampers their application in electric, magnetic, thermoelectric, and catalytic fields. Electronic conduction can be enhanced by co-inserting oxygen acceptors simultaneously. However, the currently used redox approaches hinder protons and oxygen ions co-insertion due to the selective switching issues. Here, a thermal hydration strategy for systematically exploring the synthesis of conductive protonated oxides from 3d transition-metal oxides is introduced. This strategy is illustrated by synthesizing a novel layered-oxide SrCoO3 H from the brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 . Compared to the insulating SrCoO2.5 , SrCoO3 H exhibits an unprecedented high electronic conductivity above room temperature, water uptake at 250 °C, and a thermoelectric power factor of up to 1.2 mW K-2 m-1 at 300 K. These findings open up opportunities for creating high-conductive protonated layered oxides by protons and oxygen ions co-doping.

Ferroelectricity and Ferromagnetism Achieved via Adjusting Dimensionality in BiFeO3/BiMnO3 Superlattices.

Integrating characteristics of materials through constructing artificial superlattices (SLs) has raised extensive attention in multifunctional materials. Here, we report the synthesis of BiFeO3/BiMnO3 SLs with considerable ferroelectric polarizations and tunable magnetic moments. The polarization of BiFeO3/BiMnO3 SLs presents a decent value of 12 µC/cm2, even as the dimensionality of BiFeO3 layers per period is reduced to about five-unit cells when keeping the BiMnO3 layers same. Moreover, it is found that the tunable magnetic moments of SLs are linked intimately to the dimensionality of BiFeO3 layers. Our simulations demonstrate that the superexchange interaction of Fe-O-Mn tends to be antiferromagnetic (AFM) with a lower magnetic domain formation energy rather than ferromagnetic (FM). Therefore, as the dimensionality of BiFeO3 per period is reduced, the AFM superexchange interaction between BiFeO3 and BiMnO3 in the SLs becomes weak, promoting a robust magnetization. This interlayer modulation effect in SLs presents an alluring way to accurately control the multiple order parameters in a multiferroic oxide system.

Tuning ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism in BiFeO3/BiMnO3 superlattices.

Multiferroic materials with multifunctional characteristics play a critical role in the field of microelectronics. In a perovskite oxide, ferroelectric polarization and ferromagnetism usually cannot coexist in a single-phase material at the same time. In this work, we design a superlattice structure composed of alternating BiFeO3 and BiMnO3 layers and illustrate how tuning the supercell size of epitaxial BiFeO3/BiMnO3 superlattices facilitates ferroelectric polarization while maintaining relatively strong ferromagnetism. A comprehensive investigation reveals that the enhanced ferroelectric polarization of BiMnO3 layers originates from the induction effect induced by a strong polarization field generated by the adjacent ferroelectric BiFeO3 layers. For the magnetic behavior, we consider the existence of interfacial antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction of Fe-O-Mn between BiFeO3 and BiMnO3 layers in our superlattices. This modulation effect of artificial superlattices provides a platform to accurately control the multiple order parameters in a multiferroic oxide system.