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INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is a worldwide chronic disease. The incidence rate of this disease is high, and it is a common disease in clinics. At present, the incidence rate of diabetes patients is increasing year by year due to the increasing work pressure, the accelerated pace of life, the change of diet, the reduction of labor, and the acceleration of aging. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The computer retrieves four databases to obtain random controlled trials on the influence of resistance exercise and aerobic exercise on type 2 diabetes. After a rigorous literature quality evaluation, data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Ten studies were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. 10 studies reported the HbA
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Treinamento Resistido , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Exercício Físico , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , DietaRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The aerial part of Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching (AM) is widely used in the northeastern region of China as an edible wild herb, but its medicinal value, especially its anti-inflammatory effect, has not been fully explored. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of AM and clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism involving the TLR4 signaling pathway using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: AM ethanol extract was used as the experimental material to investigate the effect that the extract has on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6); changes in LPS-induced peritoneal macrophages (PMs); and TLR4-mediated intracellular events, including MAPKs (ERK, JNK, and p38) and IκB-α in the MyD88-dependant pathway and IRF3, STAT1, and STAT3 in the TRIF-dependent pathway. In in vivo experiments, we established an LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model and investigated the cell count and cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6) levels in bronchoalvelar lavage fluid (BALF) of C57BL6 mice. Histological changes in the lung tissues were observed with H&E staining. RESULTS: AM extract inhibited NO and PGE2 by suppressing their synthetase (iNOS and COX-2) gene expression in LPS-induced PMs; the secretion of IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF-α also deceased via the down-regulation of mRNA levels. Furthermore, the TLR4-mediated intracellular events involved the phosphorylated forms of MAPKs (ERK, JNK) and IκB-α in the MyD88-dependent pathway and the TRIF-dependent pathway (IRF3, STAT1, STAT3), and the relevant proteins were expressed at low levels in the AM extract groups. In in vivo experiments, the cell count and cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6) levels in BALF decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the AM extract groups. The lung tissue structure exhibited dramatic damage in the LPS group, and the damaged area decreased in the AM extract groups; in particular, the effect of 10â¯mg/kg extract was similar to that of the positive control dexamethasone (DEX). CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that AM protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury by suppressing TLR4 signaling, provide scientific evidence to support further study of the safety of anti-inflammatory drugs and indicate that AM can be used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-injury agent to prevent pneumonia caused by microbial infection.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/prevenção & controle , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/antagonistas & inibidores , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transporte Vesicular/metabolismo , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Gleiquênias/química , Pulmão/metabolismo , Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismoRESUMO
Panax ginseng is widely consumed as a functional food in the form of tea, powder, capsules, among others, and possesses a range of pharmacological activities including adaptogenic, immune-modulatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the major ginsenosides and their metabolites in rat plasma, urine and feces after administration of P. ginseng extract using LC-MS/MS. We collected rat plasma samples at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h, and the amounts of urine and fecal samples accumulated in 24 h. Fourteen major ginsenosides and their metabolites were observed in fecal samples at high levels; however, low levels of 11 ginsenosides were detected in urine samples. The pharmacokinetics of the major ginsenosides and their metabolites was investigated in plasma. The results indicated that the maximum plasma concentration, time to maximum concentration and area under the curve of compound K were significantly greater than those of other ginsenosides. This study thus provides valuable information for drug development and clinical application of P. ginseng.