[Sampling Survey of the Relationship Between Acute Mountain Sickness and Mental Health of Officers and soldiers].

Objective: To sample survey the relationship between acute mountain sickness and mental health of officers and soldiers, so as to provide theoretical direction for the psychological prevent and counsel of them. Methods: In May 2017, 61 officers and soldiers were selectedas subject investigated, and divided to AMS group included 35 persons and non-AMS group included 26 persons according to the finding of theAMS symptom division point table, then used symptom self-testing tableto test and evaluate the mental health of them. Results: The AMS group showed significantly higher scores on the psychological parameters such as omatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobicanxiety, parnoid ideation and so on (105.20±13.82, 1.37±0.26, 1.14±0.21, 1.16±0.19, 1.16±0.18, 1.06±0.11, 1.10±0.17, 1.22±0.19, P<0.05) . Conclusion: The mental factors of omatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, parnoid ideation and so on had great influence on AMS, we should pay attention to these factors and carry on mental intervention, and enhance anti-stress ability of individual, to ensure the successful completion of plateau military mission.

[Study on consumption of vegetables and fruits and related influencing factors among residents from the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases].

Objective: To investigate the consumption of vegetables and fruits and related influencing factors among residents from the National Demonstration Areas of Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases. Methods: From November to December, 2016, a total of 4 000 residents, aged 18 or above, from ten Demonstration Areas, were selected as participants for this study by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Information on vegetables, fruits consumption and related influencing factors was collected via questionnaire. Results: A total of 3 891 residents were involved in the final analysis. Daily consumption of vegetables and fruits accounted for 72.1% and 53.6% of the residents under study. The residents who were aware of the National Demonstration Areas activities were more willing to have adequate intake of vegetables (OR=3.017, 95%CI: 2.426-3.753) and fruits (OR=1.261, 95%CI: 1.007-1.580). Residents with higher degree of participation activities of the demonstration areas were more likely to have adequate fruits intake (high degree: OR=1.431, 95%CI: 1.210-1.694; medium degree: OR=1.573, 95%CI: 1.315- 1.882). Conclusions: The implementation of the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases has improved the adequate vegetables and fruits intake among residents. Relevant activities carried out in the Demonstration Areas appeared conducive to the healthy lifestyle of the residents.

Timeliness of MMR vaccination and barriers to vaccination in preschool children.

The documented vaccine coverage rate of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination is almost 99% in Korea, but measles cases are constantly being reported. This study evaluated the vaccine coverage, timeliness, and barriers to immunization of measles vaccination in preschool children in Korea. We assessed 452 children aged 15-23 months and 300 children aged 4-6 years in September 2007. Questionnaires were administered in order to estimate measles vaccination rate, its timeliness and barriers to vaccine uptake. Being unaware of the necessity for vaccination and its schedule, child being sick during the recommended vaccination period, and recommended vaccination period not being over were significant preventive factors to timely vaccination (P < 0·05). Children with working mothers, single parents, those not being cared for by their parents, and those younger among siblings were at a higher risk of not being vaccinated on time. In order to increase timely vaccination, accurate information should be delivered and a systematic approach should be targeted to high-risk groups.

Characterization of genotype II Rubella virus strains.

Two genotypes of Rubella virus have been described that differ by 8-9% at the nucleotide level in the E1 glycoprotein gene. Of these, genotype II (RGII) was only recently reported and in this study two RGII viruses, the BRDII vaccine strain and BR1 wild type strain, were characterized. Monoclonal antibodies against each of the virion proteins (capsid [C], glycoproteins E1 and E2) and polyclonal anti-rubella virus sera reacted similarly with purified virions from the RGII and reference RGI strains on Western gels, with the exception of one anti-E2 Mab, and thus the two genotypes are closely related antigenically. The genomic sequences of two genotype II (RGII) rubella virus strains were determined and compared with the six previously reported RGI sequences. The genomes of these viruses all contained 9762 nts and the lengths of the three untranslated regions (UTRs) and two open reading frames (ORF's) were identical. The overall difference between the RGI and RGII sequences at the nt level was approximately 8% and this difference was maintained across most of the genome. At the amino acid level, the RGI and RGII sequences differed overall by approximately 4%, however this difference was not uniform across the ORF's as the N-terminal third of P150 and the entirety of P90, both replicase proteins, were more conserved (<1% difference) while the C-terminal two thirds of P150 exhibited greater variation ( approximately 8% difference), including a hypervariable region between residues 771-801 within which divergence as great as 20-30% was detected. The parent wt virus of the BRDII vaccine was not available and its sequence was compared with the BR1 sequence to identify potential attenuating mutations. The BRDII and BR1 sequences varied at 252 residues (2.59%), including twelve in the UTRs and thirty coding differences in the ORF's. None of these differences in the BRDII sequence was vaccine-specific when compared with RGI wt and vaccine sequences and, therefore, there appeared to be no common pathway in the generation of live, attenuated rubella vaccines.

Involvement of gene expressions in apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells induced by rattlesnake venom.

Formation of apoptotic bodies is a typical character of apoptotic cell death, but how the processes are controlled is not known. In this study, we compared two apoptosis inducing systems in vascular endothelial cells (VEC). We found that the formation of apoptotic bodies during apoptosis induced by rattlesnake venom, which is an unique and specific apoptosis inducer to vascular endothelial cells, was much faster than that induced by deprivation of survival factors (aFGF and serum). When we blocked the synthesis of mRNAs in cells treated with rattlesnake venom by DRB (5, 6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole), an inhibitor of transcription, the formation of apoptotic bodies was dramatically inhibited. We examined the expression of p53 gene and found that its expression was much higher in apoptosis induced by rattlesnake venom than that in apoptosis induced by deprivation of aFGF and serum. Our results suggest that gene expression is important and p53 gene may play a major role in inducing the formation of apoptotic bodies in VEC.

[The intermediate filament-lamina-nuclear matrix system of ES-M13 cells].

Sequential extraction and DGD embedment-free section TEM techniques were used as new methods to study the intermediate filament-lamina-nuclear matrix (IF-L-NM) system of cells. Murine embryonic stem cells (ES-M13) were investigated by means of electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy and Western-blot analysis. There existed a delicate nuclear matrix network in the nucleus domain of detergent-extracted ES cells. The filaments of the nuclear matrix were found in close association with the nuclear lamina. Some intermediate filaments were also observed in the cytoplasm. In immunofluorescence microscopy, a bright, slightly granular cytoplasmic fluorescence, showing no polar concentration, was revealed with keratin monoclonal antibody AF5. We could not detect any significant fibrillar staining in the ES cells by indirect immunofluorescence method. With antibodies to vimentin and desmin, the ES cells showed only a nonspecific, weak fluorescence, similar to that seen in the control. In Western-blot analysis of electrophoretically separated polypeptides, three polypeptides with molecular weight of 65 KD, 62 KD and 52 KD, reactive with keratin monoclonal antibody were detected in the ES cells.

Effects of tetrahydroprotoberberines on dopamine receptor subtypes in brain.

The effects of 12 tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPBs) on D1 and D2 receptors labelled with [3H]DA, [3H]Sch-23390 and [3H]spiperone were evaluated. Their effects on the activity of adenylate cyclase stimulated with DA 40 mumols/L were also assessed. All of the l-THPBs tested behaved as DA receptor antagonists with preferential affinity toward the D1 receptors. Among them, l-stepholidine (l-SPD), a THPB analog with 2 hydroxy groups at the C2 and C10 positions, was the most potent. Its affinity toward D1 receptors was 4-7 times higher than that toward D2 receptors. The results suggest that the hydroxy groups in l-THPBs are very important factors in determining the affinity to DA receptors. Moreover, d-tetrahydropalmatine (d-THP), a dextro-THPB analog, displayed no affinity for the D2 receptor subtype, while its optical isomer, l-THP, was a DA receptor antagonist. This indicates that the levo-optical configuration is necessary for the affinity of THPBs to DA receptors. In addition, l-SPD was 18 times more potent than haloperidol with respect to binding to D1 receptors, but 14 times weaker for D2 receptors. Thus, it is expected that the clinical effects of l-SPD can be distinguished from that of haloperidol.

Rubella vaccine in the People's Republic of China.

The results of seroepidemiologic surveys indicate that rubella is widely prevalent in China. Congenital rubella infection has posed a threat. To control rubella and decrease the incidence of congenital rubella infection, an attenuated strain of rubella virus was developed in China. The original strain was isolated from a throat-swab specimen from a six-year-old girl with a clinical diagnosis of rubella. The strain was passaged and attenuated in human diploid cells and named BRD-2. The results of clinical trials showed that the BRD-2 virus strain has mild reactogenicity, satisfactory immunogenicity, and no transmissibility. The antigenicity and reactogenicity are comparable to those of strain RA27/3. It is anticipated that it may be put into production in the near future.

Studies on the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the BRD-2 and RA27/3 live attenuated rubella vaccines.

A study to compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the BRD-2 and RA27/3 rubella vaccine strains was conducted in GuangXi, China in 1982. Ninety eight susceptible children between two and six years of age, with haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres of less than 10, were inoculated with RA27/3 vaccine strain. A similar group of 103 children were inoculated with BRD-2 vaccine strain; 110 uninoculated children served as a control group. The percentages of children who had fever reactions were 30.09% for RA27/3, 20.04% for BRD-2, and 24.50% for the uninoculated group. Neither vaccine evoked a high fever reaction. For both vaccines, the seroconversion rates estimated 42 days after immunization were 100%. The geometric mean titre of HI antibody was 144.4 +/- 2.04 for recipients of RA27/3, and 116.1 +/- 2.0 for those vaccinated with BRD-2. The rate of excretion of virus from the nose and throat was 26.67% for the recipients of RA27/3 and 23.08% for those who received BRD-2. No vaccine virus was isolated from the uninoculated susceptibles who were in close contact with the vaccinated children. Furthermore, the latter group remained seronegative when tested after 42 days of contact with the vaccinated. Hence, it appears that both RA27/3 and BRD-2 vaccine viruses have no capacity for being transmitted to unvaccinated contacts. In susceptible adolescents immunized with the BRD-2 vaccine viruses have no capacity for being transmitted to unvaccinated contacts. In susceptible adolescents immunized with the BRD-2 vaccine strain, a mild febrile reaction was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)