RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bimekizumab, a humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody targeting both interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F, could be effective for treating Psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in the management of PsA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search by August 2023 was performed through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. investigating the efficacy or safety data of bimekizumab in the treatment of PsA. Data was pooled using the random-effects models. Egger tests were used to evaluate potential publication bias. RESULTS: A total of 4 RCTs, involving 892 PsA patients and 467 placebo controls, were included in this analysis. Bimekizumab significantly increased the rates of PASI75 and PASI100 compared with placebos [RR = 7.22, 95% CI (5.24, 9.94), p < 0.001; RR = 10.12, 95% CI (6.00, 17.09), p < 0.001]. The rate of overall adverse events was slightly higher in the bimekizumab group [RR = 1.42, 95% CI (1.05, 1.93) p = 0.023). However, there were fewer adverse severe drug reactions in the bimekizumab group compared to the placebo. CONCLUSION: Bimekizumab had a significant clinical benefit in managing PsA and an acceptable safety profile.
RESUMO
Both Trapa L. and the extinct Hemitrapa Miki are aquatic plants in the family Lythraceae, with abundant fossil records in Eurasia and North America in the Cenozoic. However, documented materials are mainly based on fruit and pollen grains without reliable leaf fossils. Here, we report fossil leaves, fruit, and roots of Trapa and fruit of Hemitrapa from the late Eocene of Weinan, the Weihe Basin of central China. The fossil leaves are identified as a new species, Trapa natanifolia Z. C. Han et H. Jia sp. nov., which represents the earliest known record of a Trapa leaf fossil. It is remarkably similar to extant species of Trapa, mostly due to the unique inflated petiole structures found in both of them. While displaying prominent intergeneric differences, the incomplete fossil fruits are assigned to Trapa sp. indet. and Hemitrapa sp. indet. The former is the earliest fossil fruit record of Trapa, and the latter represents the earliest fossil record of Hemitrapa found in Asia. These new fossil discoveries suggest that the divergence of Trapa and Hemitrapa occurred at least by the late Eocene. It is believed that modern Trapa most likely originated in China. Furthermore, this unexpected aquatic plant fossil assemblage indicates that central China was warm and humid, with freshwater ponds or lakes, in the late Eocene and not as arid as previously thought.
RESUMO
The Neogene environment and paleovegetation of today's semi-arid and arid Central Asia remain elusive. Little is known about the effect of paleoclimatic change on the distribution and ecological response mechanisms of aquatic plants, especially on the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we report a new species of Nelumbo Adanson, including leaves, receptacles, and fruits, namely Nelumbo delinghaensis sp. nov., from the Upper Youshashan Formation of the upper Middle Miocene in the northern Qaidam Basin on the Tibetan Plateau. The new species comprises centrally peltate leaves with 12−15 actinodromous primary veins and a receptacle embedded with ca. 15−30 fruits, with an unlobed central disc. Megafossils of lotus from northwest China broaden the geographical and stratigraphic ranges of Nelumbo. Our findings suggest that a large freshwater lake body surrounded by temperate forests and grassland developed in the Qaidam Basin during the late Middle Miocene, in sharp contrast to the present desert vegetation. The climate used to be sufficiently warm and moist enough to support a forest-steppe ecosystem with abundant freshwater bodies.
