Leaf nitrogen have a better relationship with photosynthesis performance across wheat species under elevated CO2 and drought.

Elevated CO2 concentrations and persistent drought are predicted to inhibit the photosynthetic performance and yield of crops. Such effects vary considerably between species groups. Modern cultivated (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD) and wild (Triticum dicoccoides Korn L., AABB and Triticum monococcum L., AA) species of wheat were subjected to elevated CO2 concentration (ambient concentration +200 µmol mol-1) and drought (well watered: 75-85% of the field water capacity; drought: 50-60% of the field water capacity) at open-top chamber experimental facilities. Elevated CO2 concentration decreased the limitation of stomatal morphology traits on stomatal conductance regulation. This could compensate the disadvantage of plants who has low stomatal density and large single stomatal area as well as low leaf water use efficiency such as modern wheat Z9023 in drought acclimation in the future CO2 rising world. Moreover, elevated CO2 concentration largely increased the dependence of light harvesting and electron transportation performance per photosynthesis system II reaction center, maximum rubisco carboxylation rate, and maximum Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration rate on leaf nitrogen concentration across the selected wheat species and water regimes. Modern cultivated cultivars Z9023 and CH58 have higher photosynthetic performance per unit of leaf nitrogen than wild species under elevated CO2 concentrations. The increasing CO2 may present opportunities to breeders and possibly allow them to select for cultivars with better photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency response to future CO2 rising climate.

Roof folding and rotary pushing for the treatment of back to back fractures of distal radius and ulna in children / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the technique and the clinical effect of folding roof and rotary pushing in treatment of children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back".</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2012 to February 2014,38 children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back" were treated by using the technique of folding roof and rotary pushing to reset and splint fixation including 23 males and 15 females with an average age of 9.5 years old ranging from 6 to 14 years old. Injury time was from 45 min to 3 days (averaged 1.3 days). All cases was unilateral closed fracture without symptoms of nerve injury occurred. The wrist joint anteroposterior and lateral radiographs showed double fracture of radius and ulna, and the broken end of radius was typical "back to back" displacement. The quality of reduction was assessed according to Dienst recommendation on the combination of Aro measurement, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated using standard of Anderson function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 3 to 13 months with an average of 6 months. There were no iatrogenic nerve injury. Thirty cases were treated successfully for the first time, 8 cases were again reset successfully; 28 cases were anatomical reduction, 7 cases were near anatomic reduction, 3 cases were functional reduction. At the second day 7 cases with hand and finger swelling appeared in multiple reset patients. Quality results of reduction were excellent in 33 cases, good in 5 cases. According to the standard of Anderson function evaluation, 35 cases were excellent, 3 cases were good. All fractures were healed with of deformity of wrist.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using the technique of folding roof and rotary pushing in treatment of children with distal radius and ulna fracture of "back to back" is very successful, the patient's limb function recovered well, the whole operation process is simple.</p>

A new triterpene from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum / 药学学报

A new lanostanoid triterpene, named ganoderitriol M (1), together with a known triterpene ganoderic acid epsilon (2), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of G lucidum. Compound 1 was deduced as (24S)-lanosta-7-oxo-8-en-3beta, 24, 25-triol on the basis of spectral analysis (UV, IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR).