Breast vs. bottle: differences in the growth of Croatian infants.

The aim of the paper was to compare the growth of rural Croatian infants with 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth standards and to evaluate the potential preventive influence of breastfeeding on the development of obesity in infancy. Two hundred three infant-mother pairs from Baranja, an Eastern region of Croatia, were enrolled into this study. Retrospective evaluation of infants' medical charts was used to obtain anthropometric data recorded at the birth, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Infant feeding mode was self-reported by mothers. Breastfed infants gained the least weight of all observed groups. Up to 6 months of age, formula fed infants had the highest weight gain and after 6 months of age, mixed milk fed infants had the highest weight gain. At 12 months of age, 6.4% of all study infants and 7.6% of mixed milk fed infants were at risk of overweight, while the same risk for the group of breastfed infants was 4%. Most of the study infants achieved higher values of body mass and length than the child growth standards. Exclusively breastfed infants, in comparison with other study groups (formula fed infants, mixed milk fed infants and cow's milk fed infants), had lower weight-for-length z-scores during the first year, which suggests that breastfeeding may have a preventive impact on obesity development.

Exclusive breastfeeding and growth in Croatian infants--comparison to the WHO child growth standards and to the NCHS growth references.

The objective of this study was to compare the growth of exclusively breastfed infants and formula fed infants in eastern Croatia. Additionally, we compared growth patterns and estimated overweight based on the World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) references. The growth of 88 Croatian infants in two feeding groups (44 breastfed and 44 formula fed) has been researched and presented. The feeding mode was obtained by the 24-hour dietary recall method. Anthropometric measurements were performed at birth and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. There were significantly lower increases in weight and length in exclusively breastfed infants versus formula fed at 12th month (p < 0.05). The weight gain of exclusively breastfed infants was 665 +/- 886g, and among formula fed infants 72 +/- 71254g, and also the exclusively breastfed infants showed significantly lower length gain (25. +/- 3.1 cm) than formula fed infants (27. +/- 3.1 cm) in the period from birth to the end of the first year. Differences shown in assessment of growth, depended of growth chart used WHO child growth standards or NCHS references. A larger number of overweight children were found in the formula fed group in comparison to both references, suggesting that exclusive breastfeeding prevents this occurrence. We conclude that breastfeeding provided the nutrients necessary for infants to keep with the WHO standards of regular growth in children.