Radiographers use of social media - SoMe in a Nordic perspective.

INTRODUCTION: Social media (SoMe) is widely used as a communication platform in everyday life. Also, healthcare professionals have embraced SoMe as a communication tool for both peers and patients. It is becoming an interactive tool for discussing professionals' issues and a place where learning and education occur. This study explores the specific patterns of SoMe use for radiographers' in the Nordic countries. The aim of this survey was to investigate radiographers use of social platforms in a professional setting. METHODS: A 29-item survey was prepared, and pilot-tested. The survey was produced in Danish a language that all Nordic countries master. In general, most Nordic languages are very similar. The survey was distributed by online platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter/X, and also distributed by newsletters by the Norwegian and Danish national radiographers societies. All data was collected anonymously. An Ethical Research approval was obtained from the University of Southern Denmark. RESULTS: A total of 242 respondents completed the survey (Denmark n = 183, Norway n = 48, Sweden n = 8, and n = 3 from other Scandinavian countries). The respondents included 186 females, 52 males and four were undisclosed. On average, the respondents spent approximately 2 h and 23 min daily on SoMe, with 27 min specifically dedicated to content relevant to radiographers. Facebook was the preferred platform with 93 % (n = 226). A total of 5.4 % (n = 13) respondents had experienced contact from patients and/or next of kin, while 92 % (n = 222) reported no such interactions and 2.9 % (n = 7) were undisclosed. A total of 52.8 % (n = 128) used SoMe in relation to courses, conferences, or online meetings. This shows that time spent on content relevant to radiographers imply that SoMe can be a relevant tool for reaching radiographers. CONCLUSION: The survey demonstrates radiographers' use of SoMe for personal and professional interest, with Facebook as the preferred social media platform. SoMe were mostly used during courses, conferences, or online meetings with half of the respondent reported using SoMe platforms during working hours. These results underscore the untapped potential of SoMe in professional healthcare settings. Additionally, the study offers insight into current practices, facilitating comparisons to identify trends in SoMe usage within the radiographer community. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings advocate for the strategic use of SoMe by radiographers', emphasizing professional networking and knowledge sharing. However, clear guidelines are necessary to ensure patient confidentiality and data security in these digital interactions.

A phenomenological one-parameter equation of state for osmotic pressures of PEG and other neutral flexible polymers in good solvents.

We present a phenomenological one-parameter scaling equation of state that accurately represents osmotic pressures of neutral flexible polymers in good solvents from the dilute through the semidilute regime. The equation comprises a sum of scaled van't Hoff and des Cloizeaux terms including a fitted parameter alpha, the "crossover index", which encapsulates all chemical specificity and determines the relevant prefactors. Strikingly different values of alpha are found for the two very different systems poly(ethyleneglycol)/water (PEG) and poly(alpha-methylstyrene)/toluene (PAMS). Alpha-dependent rescaling collapses both data sets to a simple one-parameter scaling function. The fact that the anomalous system PEG/water and the canonical system PAMS/toluene can both be described by the same equation of state attests to the robustness of the polymer-scaling concepts introduced by de Gennes.

A general theory of non-equilibrium dynamics of lipid-protein fluid membranes.

We present a general and systematic theory of non-equilibrium dynamics of multi-component fluid membranes, in general, and membranes containing transmembrane proteins, in particular. Developed based on a minimal number of principles of statistical physics and designed to be a meso/macroscopic-scale effective description, the theory is formulated in terms of a set of equations of hydrodynamics and linear constitutive relations. As a particular emphasis of the theory, the equations and the constitutive relations address both the thermodynamic and the hydrodynamic consequences of the unconventional material characteristics of lipid-protein membranes and contain proposals as well as predictions which have not yet been made in already existing work on membrane hydrodynamics and which may have experimental relevance. The framework structure of the theory makes possible its applications to a range of non-equilibrium phenomena in a range of membrane systems, as discussions in the paper of a few limit cases demonstrate.

In situ transmission electron microscopy investigation of Ce(IV) and Pr(IV) reducibility in a Rh (1%)/Ce0.8Pr0.2O(2-x) catalyst.

In-situ Atomic Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy studies carried out on a Rh/Ce0.8Pr0.2O(2-x) catalyst, under hydrogen in the temperature range 298-1223 K, show the occurrence of consecutive reduction of Pr4+ and Ce4+ ions, and the formation of an oxygen-deficient Ln16O30 (Ln: Ce, Pr) ordered phase.

Atomic-resolution in situ transmission electron microscopy of a promoter of a heterogeneous catalyst.

Insight into the location, state, and function of a promoter in heterogeneous catalysis was obtained through atomic-resolution in situ transmission electron microscopy. In the most active ruthenium catalyst for ammonia synthesis known so far, the barium promoter is shown to be located in two different phases in the catalyst. The increased activity is suggested to be related to a two-dimensional barium-oxygen overlayer on the ruthenium crystals. The possibility for conducting such studies for other reactions could add substantially to our current understanding of heterogeneous catalysis. Heterogeneous catalysis plays an increasingly important role in environmental protection processes, in fuel upgrading, and in providing the majority of the chemical building blocks required by contemporary society. Most heterogeneous catalysts of industrial importance are multicomponent materials that are designed by trial-and-error experimentation. Application of even the most sophisticated physical-chemical characterization techniques is usually not sufficient to obtain a complete understanding of the structure of the active site, the reaction mechanism and kinetics, the structural dynamics, and the specific roles of all catalyst components.

Osmotic properties of DNA: critical evaluation of counterion condensation theory.

The osmotic coefficient of B-DNA in water may, in dilute solutions, deviate by as much as 100% from predictions based on a simple line-charge "counterion condensation" theory. In contrast, a cell model description of the ionic atmosphere near a cylindrical polyelectrolyte predicts osmotic properties that are in surprisingly good harmony with all available experimental findings over a wide range of DNA concentrations. We argue that the neglect of molecular features, such as finite radius, makes line-charge condensation theory inapplicable at all but impractically low polyelectrolyte concentrations.

Buckling, fluctuations, and collapse in semiflexible polyelectrolytes.

We present a systematic statistical mechanical analysis of the conformational properties of a stiff polyelectrolyte chain with intrachain attractions that are due to counterion correlations. We show that the mean-field solution corresponds to an Euler-like buckling instability. The effect of the conformational fluctuations on the buckling instability is investigated, first, qualitatively, within the harmonic ("semiclassical") theory, then, systematically, within a 1/d expansion, where d denotes the dimension of embedding space. Within the "semiclassical" approximation, we predict that the effect of fluctuations is to renormalize the effective persistence length to smaller values, but not to change the nature of the mean-field (i.e., buckling) behavior. Based on the 1/d expansion we are, however, led to conclude that thermal fluctuations are responsible for a change of the buckling behavior which is turned into a polymer collapse. A phase diagram is constructed in which a sequence of collapse transitions terminates at a buckling instability that occurs at a place that varies with the magnitude of the bare persistence length of the polymer chain, as well as with the strength and range of the attractive potential.

Thermal self-frequency locking of a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator.

The increase in the circulating signal and idler fields that occurs in a high- Q doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) as it approaches resonance results in a small increase in the crystal temperature owing to absorption of the generated fields. The temperature change affects the refractive index of the crystal and alters the optical path length of the cavity. This effect may lead to self-frequency locking of the OPO to a specific resonance of the signal and idler fields, and it also results in peculiarities in the transient response of the system as it is scanned through resonance. We show that the experimentally observed effects are consistent with the results of a numerical model of the OPO.

Single-frequency diode-pumped Nd:YAG prism laser with use of a composite laser crystal.

A compact, stable, diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser suitable for high-power single-frequency operation is investigated theoretically as well as experimentally. Residual spatial hole burning has been eliminated with a unidirectional ring-laser design with a specially designed intracavity prism and a composite YAG laser crystal. A detailed Jones matrix analysis is performed, leading to design criteria for high loss difference and high-frequency stability.

Diode-pumped single-frequency Nd:YVO(4) laser with a set of coupled resonators.

350 mW of single-frequency power from a diode-pumped solid-state Nd:YVO(4) laser has been obtained from a coupled resonator design without any intracavity elements. Single-frequency operation was obtained by use of a very short laser rod and a coupled resonator design. The two coupled resonators were formed by the two faces of a very short Nd:YVO(4) laser crystal and an output coupling mirror. The interaction of the two coupled cavities caused a modification of the eigenmodes supporting laser action in a single longitudinal mode. This design, which is extremely simple, represents a cost-eff icient way of obtaining single-frequency output.

Microscopy in solid state science.

The Microstructural Physics group at the Cavendish Laboratory is actively involved in a considerable number of research projects which cover a broad range of materials science. In this paper, we describe briefly several such projects, with particular emphasis given to the application of parallel-detection electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS) on a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to the analysis of materials such as stainless steels, catalysts, and high temperature superconductors. In addition, we describe a number of related projects that are currently being carried out in the group, particularly those which utilise and develop novel STEM imaging and analytical techniques.

Dental and skeletal maturity in adoptive children: assessments at arrival and after one year in the admitting country.

Seventy-one adoptive children from Asian countries, mainly Korea, were adopted by Danish parents. Height and weight were measured and dental and skeletal maturity assessed immediately after arrival and one year later. Increase in dental age was in complete concordance with the time interval between the two examinations. With regard to skeletal age, the majority of children showed an increased maturation rate although some of the youngest children seemed to be further retarded in maturation rate during their first year in Denmark. Comparison between two methods for assessing skeletal maturity revealed that the 'catch up' observed for children above one year of age was significantly more pronounced when assessed by the TW-2 method than when applying the G-P method. For the Korean children height and weight measurements increased more than the average values for the Danish population.