Moderating role of depression in the association between leisure activity and cognitive function among the disabled older people.

Background: This study delves into the complex interaction between leisure activities and cognitive function in older people with disabilities, with a particular emphasis on the moderating influence of depression. Despite the well-documented cognitive benefits of leisure activities among the older people, the intricate relationship between depression and the association between leisure activities and cognitive function in this specific demographic has been rarely reported. Methods: Drawing on data from the 2017-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), this study meticulously examined a cohort of 713 participants aged 65-89 years. We constructed a moderation model to examine the impact of leisure activity on cognitive function in older people with disabilities, with depression levels as a moderating variable. Results: We found a positive association between engagement in leisure activities and cognitive function, highlighting the potential cognitive advantages associated with leisure engagement among disabled older people. However, the present analysis also reveals a significant moderation effect of depression on this relationship, shedding light on the nuanced nature of this association. Specifically, elevated levels of depression emerge as a critical moderator, attenuating the otherwise favorable impact of leisure activities on cognitive function among older people contending with disabilities. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings provide a compelling rationale for tailored interventions that comprehensively target both leisure activity engagement and concurrent depression management, effectively fostering improvements in cognitive function among the cohort of disabled older people.

Does the integration of urban and rural health insurance influence the functional limitations of the middle-aged and elderly in rural China?

In January 2016, the Chinese government integrated the two systems of urban resident basic medical insurance and new rural cooperative medical system to establish a unified Urban and Rural Resident Medical Insurance. The integration of medical insurance is purported to enhance access for the rural population; however, a dearth of literature exists regarding its effect on functional impairment among middle-aged and elderly residing in rural areas. This study aims to evaluate the impact of urban-rural health insurance integration on functional limitation among middle-aged and elderly individuals in rural China. A longitudinal survey was conducted among 7855 middle-aged and elderly individuals in rural China. Using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, we exploit these policy changes to evaluate their impact on middle-aged and elderly individuals' functional limitation. The results showed that the integration of urban and rural health insurance systems was significantly associated with reduced functional limitation (Odds ratio .742; 95%CI 0.603, 0.914) among middle-aged and elderly individuals in rural China. Our findings also indicate that prevalent behaviors such as tobacco use, and alcohol consumption may exacerbate functional limitation among middle-aged and elderly individuals. These findings suggest that the integration of urban and rural health insurance systems can have a positive impact on the functional limitation of middle-aged and elderly individuals in rural China and could be an important factor in improving the health and well-being of middle-aged and elderly individuals in rural areas.

Photoinduced direct hydration of dipyridylacetylenes in acidic aqueous solution.

Photoinduced direct hydration of dipyridylacetylenes (DPAs) in acidic aqueous solution was achieved upon UV irradiation at room temperature. This is a catalyst-free reaction with moderate-to-good yields, and asymmetric dipyridylacetylenes afford the corresponding Markovnikov addition products.

Method for the synthesis of flavonoid nitrogen mustard derivatives.

We have prepared a kind of new type of flavonoid nitrogen mustard derivatives with broad-spectrum antitumor activity, which have not been reported in the literature. In the process of preparing intermediate (the flavonoid diethanolamine derivatives) of the target compound, we found that the reasonable separation method is silica gel column chromatography with eluent (MeOH/CH2Cl2, 1:40). The experimental results show that the composition of eluent is an important factor to get high yield of the intermediate, which will directly affect the final yield of the target compound. Acetonitrile is the suitable solvent in the reaction system, and the optimized reaction condition is reaction under reflux condition for 48 hours. Several new flavonoid nitrogen mustard derivatives were synthesized with high yield using the above method.•A method for the synthesis of flavonoid nitrogen mustard derivatives was introduced.•The reasonable purification conditions and the optimized reaction time were recommended.

Synthesis of flavonoids nitrogen mustard derivatives and study on their antitumor activity in vitro.

Several novel flavonoids nitrogen mustard derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against seven human cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, HepG2, MCF7, SH-SY5Y, PC-3, DU145) by the MTT assay in vitro. The resulting IC50 showed that most compounds exhibited better inhibitory activity against seven cell lines. IC50 values of some compounds were lower than well-known melphalan. In particular, compound 8b was the most promising compound which inhibited HeLa cells with IC50 value of 1.43 µM. It showed excellent antitumor activity against these seven cell lines. Besides, it could arrest cell cycle of HeLa in G2/M phase and induce cell apoptosis. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential may be an apoptotic mediating factor.

Suppression of EIF4G2 by miR-379 potentiates the cisplatin chemosensitivity in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells.

Although microRNAs and EIF4G2 are both known to play pivotal roles in cancer progression, it remains unknown whether these pathways regulate chemosensitivity in a coordinated manner. Here, we show that miR-379 expression is significantly downregulated in chemoresistant nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cells. Manipulation of miR-379 levels could alter the in vitro and in vivo cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in lung cancer (LCa) cells. Mechanistically, miR-379 potentiated LCa chemosensitivity via modulation of CDDP-induced apoptosis by directly targeting the EIF4G2 3'UTR. Additionally, we observed an inverse correlation between miR-379 and EIF4G2 expression in LCa tissues from patients with CDDP-based chemotherapy. Together, our findings shed new light on the potential involvement of miR-379/EIF4G2 cascade in the pathogenesis of CDDP resistance in LCa.

[Preparation and Synchronized Release Behavior on Porosity Osmotic Pump Tablets of Total Glucosides of Paeony].

Objective: To prepare porosity osmotic pump tablets of total glucosides of paeony( TGP),and to study the behavior on synchronous release of its main components. Methods: Taking the accumulative release of TGP as indexes, through single-factor test and orthogonal design to investigate the optimal formulation porosity osmotic pump tablets of TGP. The main components, paeoniflorin, albiflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin were employed to study synchronous release of the optimal formulation. Results: The membrane weight, and the content of PEG 400,and diethyl phthalate( DEP) were the main factors influencing the behavior of TGP release. The accumulated release of the prepared osmotic pump release tablets achieved about 90%. Three main components achieved the desired zero-order release profile and had a synchronized release behavior. Conclusion: The prepared porosity osmotic pump tablets of TGP can achieve the behavior of synchronized release of multi-components with good reproducibility.

[Comparison of bioavailability of two kinds of solid dispersion from 10-hydroxycamptothecin in SD rats in vivo].

To improve the bioavailability of 10-hydroxycamptothecin, 10-hydroxycamptothecin solid dispersion(HCPT-SD) and 10-hydroxycamptothecin-phospholipid complex-solid dispersion(HCPT-PC-SD) were prepared, and their solubility and dissolution rate were evaluated in this study. SD rates were administered intragastrically with HCPT-SD or HCPT-PC-SD respectively, then their blood samples were collected at different time intervals. The concentration of HCPT in blood was detected by HPLC method with camptothecin as internal standard, and then its pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and obtained. The results showed that the Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ of both kinds of solid dispersion of HCPT were significantly increased than those of crude drug. The AUC0-t of HCPT-SD was increased by 176.87%, and AUC0-t of HCPT-PC-SD was increased by 254.31% as compared with crude drug. Therefore, the two kinds of solid dispersion of HCPT could significantly enhance the bioavailability of HCPT in SD rates, and the effect of HCPT-PC-SD was more obvious.

[Study and Evaluation on Preparation of Monolithic Osmotic Pump Tablet of Resveratrol].

OBJECTIVE: To prepare monolithic osmotic pump tablet of resveratrol. METHODS: Inclusion technology was adopted to enhance its solubility. The optimal formulation of resveratrol inclusion complex osmotic pump tablets was selected by the single-factor method and orthogonal design. The release in vitro of the optimized formulation was also fitted to different models. RESULTS: The tablets with optimized formulation achieved the desired zero-order release profile in 12 h (r = 0.9963) with the cumulative release over 90%. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol can be prepared into monolithic osmotic pump tablets based on the intermediate of inclusion technology, which have obvious characteristic of zero release.

Chemical signals synchronize the life cycles of a plant-parasitic nematode and its vector beetle.

The pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus has caused severe damage to pine forests in large parts of the world [1-4]. Dispersal of this plant-parasitic nematode occurs when the nematode develops into the dispersal fourth larval stage (LIV) upon encountering its insect vector, the Monochamus pine sawyer beetle, inside an infected pine tree [5-9]. Here, we show that LIV formation in B. xylophilus is induced by C16 and C18 fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), which are produced abundantly on the body surface of the vector beetle specifically during the late development pupal, emerging adult, and newly eclosed adult stages. The LIV can then enter the tracheal system of the adult beetle for dispersal to a new pine tree. Treatment of B. xylophilus with long-chain FAEEs, or the PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002, promotes LIV formation, while Δ7-dafachronic acid blocks the effects of these chemicals, suggesting a conserved role for the insulin/IGF-1 and DAF-12 pathways in LIV formation. Our work provides a mechanism by which LIV formation in B. xylophilus is specifically coordinated with the life cycle of its vector beetle. Knowledge of the chemical signals that control the LIV developmental decision could be used to interfere with the dispersal of this plant-parasitic nematode.

(3-{[2,6-Bis(1-methyl-eth-yl)phen-yl]imino-κN}-1-phenyl-but-1-en-1-olato-κO)-di-methyl-aluminium.

The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, [Al(CH(3))(2)(C(22)H(26)NO)], displays a monomer with the Al(III) atom in a distorted tetra-hedral environment defined by two methyl groups and the N and O atoms of the chelating ketiminate anion. The O-Al-N bite angle of the chelating ligand is 94.14 (9)°. The O-C-C-C-N backbone of the ligand is nearly coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.029 Å) and the Al atom deviates significantly from the mean plane by 0.525 (3) Å. In the crystal, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions are observed.

Synthesis and structures of aluminium monohydride and chalcogenides bearing a bidentate [N,O] ligand.

The aluminium monohydride (3-tBu-5-Me-2-(O)C(6)H(2)CH(2)-N-2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3))AlH(NMe(3))(2) was prepared by treatment of the bidentate salicylaldimine [3-tBu-5-Me-2-(OH)C(6)H(2)CH=N-2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3)](1) with a small excess of AlH(3).NMe(3) in high yield. Compound 2 reacted with sulfur and selenium respectively to afford the dimeric aluminium chalcogenide [(3-tBu-5-Me-2-(O)C(6)H(2)CH(2)-NH-2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3))Al(micro-E)](2)[E = S (3), E = Se (4)]. During the formation of 2 hydrogen migration from the aluminium centre to the ligand backbone occurred. A possible reaction mechanism for 3 and 4 is discussed and the molecular structures of compounds 2-4 were determined by X-ray structural analyses.