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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ( NMDAR) encephalitis .Methods The clinical data of 23 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients , including 9 cases of severe patients were retrospectively analyzed .Results There were 9 cases of severe patients ( including 2 males and 7 females ) admitted to ICU for the treatment , and 14 patients ( including 3 males and 11 females ) admitted to the neurology department for the treatment .The age of the patients was (32.6 ±14.6) years , the course of disease was (26.7 ±36.9) d, and the length of stay was (34.2 ±27.5) days.In critically ill patients, the average length of stay was (22.2 ±13.7) d.The main clinical manifestations included 21 patients with mental and behavioral abnormalities , 13 patients with fever , 19 patients with epilepsy , 15 patients with conscious disturbance , 2 patients with motor dysfunction , 13 patients with dysautonomia , and 5 patients with hypoventilation . There was 1 case of patients with teratoma .The anti-NMDAR antibodies of CFS were positive in all patients , of which 18 cases of serum anti-NMDAR antibody were positive .Five patients of head MRI showed the abnormal signal of the temporal lobe , hippocampus or frontal lobe .The EEG of 19 patients showed abnormal slow wave .23 patients received the glucocorticoid , the gamma globulin , the plasma exchange and other immunomodulatory treatment .Six patients were completely cured , and 17 patients were improved but with residual symptoms .Conclusions The patients with Anti-NMDAR encephalitis usually manifest such as the rapid changes in mental behavior , the epilepsy and other symptoms , as well as the disturbance of consciousness , the movement disorders , the autonomic dysfunction , but of which combined tumors are rare .The prognosis of patients with anti NMDAR encephalitis is better, who received positive immunotherapy .
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INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of Bub1 and Mad2 together in endometrial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three patients with endometrial cancer, including EECs and NEECs, were examined statistically. Bub1 and Mad2 in patient tissues were detected by indirect streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. RESULTS: 39 cases (61.9 %) were in clinical stage I, 17 cases (27 %) in stage II, 5 (7.9 %) in stage III and 2 cases (3.2 %) in stage IV. Bub1 positive and Mad2 positive rate were identified in 18 and 54 patients. The lower positive of Bub1 and higher positive rate of Mad2 were related to clinical stage and histological grade of endometrial cancer (P = 0.009, 0.002, respectively), especially in NEECs. The expression of Bub1 was negatively correlated with Mad2 and Mtp53 (both P < 0.05). The expression of Mad2 with Mtp53 was positively correlated (P < 0.05). Statistically significant difference between Bub1/Mad2 expression and survival was discovered in endometrial cancer. Specificity and sensitivity of combination between Bub1 negative and Mad2 positive cases were higher than those alone in NEEC subtype. Bub1 and Mad2 are associated with histological differentiation, clinical stage and decreased postoperative survival in endometrial cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The combination analysis of Bub1 and Mad2 might be the valuable prognostic, even diagnostic clinicopathologic factor which can be applicable in routine examination.