Application of ultrasound technology for the effective management of waste from fruit and vegetable.

Food waste presents a continuous challenge for the food industry, leading to environmental pollution and economic issues. A substantial amount of waste, including by-products from fruits and vegetables, non-edible food items, and other waste materials, is produced throughout the food supply chain, from production to consumption. Recycling and valorizing waste from perishable goods is emerging as a key multidisciplinary approach within the circular bio-economy framework. This waste, rich in raw by-products, can be repurposed as a natural source of ingredients. Researchers increasingly focus on biomass valorization to extract and use components that add significant value. Traditional methods for extracting these bio-compounds typically require the use of solvents and are time-consuming, underscoring the need for innovative techniques like ultrasound (US) extraction. Wastes from the processing of fruits and vegetables in the food industry can be used to develop functional foods and edible coatings, offering protection against various environmental factors. This comprehensive review paper discusses the valorization of waste from perishable items like fruits and vegetables using US technology, not only to extract valuable components from waste but also to treat wastewater in the beverage industry. It also covers the application of biomolecules recovered from this process in the development of functional foods and packaging.

Influence of bio fabricated manganese oxide nanoparticles for effective callogenesis of Moringa oleifera Lam.

The use of nanoscale fertilizers to boost crop output has increased in recent years. Nanoparticles (NPs) can stimulate the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds in plants. It is the first report on biosynthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO-NPs) that mediate in-vitro callus induction of Moringa oleifera. To achieve better biocompatibility the leaf extract of Syzygium cumini was used to synthesize MnO-NPs. Scanning electron microscope SEM revealed spherical shaped morphology of MnO-NPs with an average diameter of 36 ± 0.3 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) depicted the formation of pure MnO-NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) authenticate the crystalline structure. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy depicted the activity of MnO-NPs under visible light. The biosynthesized MnO-NPs were concentration-dependent and revealed promising results in callus induction of Moringa oleifera. It was found that MnO-NPs enhance callus production of Moringa oleifera and keep the callus infection free by providing an optimum environment for rapid growth and development. Therefore MnO-NPs synthesized through the green process can be utilized in tissue culture studies. This study concludes that MnO is one of the essential plant nutrients that have tailored nutritive properties at a nano scale.

Investigating the structural properties and in vitro digestion of rice flours.

The physicochemical properties, swelling power, solubility, and digestibility of flour from four rice varieties (black, brown, white, and waxy rice flour) were analyzed. The results showed that the black and brown rice had high-amylose percentage (21.8% and 20.5%), a relatively low percentage of starch content (68.1% and 79.1%), and lower swelling power (6.6% and 7.6%) and solubility (13.5% and 15.7%), respectively. Waxy rice flour attributed to lower gelatinization temperatures and higher enthalpy values. Meanwhile, the brown, black, and white rice showed higher gelatinization temperature and lower enthalpy value. The black and brown rice flour exhibited lower pasting and viscosity values as compared to waxy rice flour. The results showed that all rice flour had an A-type X-ray diffraction pattern, and after cooking all rice flour showed V-type polymorphs except waxy rice flour. Brown and black rice flour after cooking have lower digestion rate than white rice and waxy rice flour, probably due to its lower expansion and solubility rates, and higher gelatinization temperature.

Impact of thermal extrusion and microwave vacuum drying on fatty acids profile during fish powder preparation.

The current study aimed to optimize the process for ready-to-eat extruded fish powder preparation and to ascertain the impact of two methods on fatty acid profiles. For the investigation, Labeo rohita (Rohu) fish was first minced, extruded, and microwave vacuum-dried. The results show that the yield for extruded fish powder (EFP) fluctuated from 22.32% to 29.07%. The maximum retention for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was 3.24 ± 0.08 g/100 g lipids, 2.74 ± 0.05 g/100 g lipids, and 1.24 ± 0.09 g/100 g lipids, by using different extrusion parameters. Moreover, nonsignificant changes were observed during 0 days, and 1 and 3 months of storage (at 4°C and 25°C) for DHA, AA, and EPA, whereas significant results were recorded for the samples stored for 6 months at 25°C. Also, the maximum peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values (TBARS) were 1.72 ± 0.04 meq/kg fat and 0.135 ± 0.008 mg malondialdehyde/kg fat. It is anticipated from the outcomes that the study will be helpful to prepare value-added food products in future studies.

Variational finite element approach to study heat transfer in the biological tissues of premature infants.

The body temperature of newborn preterm infants depends on the heat transfer between the infant and the external environment. Factors that influence the heat exchange include the temperature and humidity of the air and the temperature of surfaces in contact with and around the infant. Neonatal thermoregulation has a different pattern as they have an immature thermoregulatory system. For this purpose, mathematical models can provide detailed insights for the heat transfer processes and its applications for clinical purposes. A new multi-compartment mathematical model of the neonatal thermoregulatory system is presented. The formulation of the model is based on the Pennes' bio-heat equation with suitable boundary and initial conditions. The variational finite element method has been employed to determine heat transfer and exchange in the biological tissues of premature infants. The results obtained in this paper have shown that premature infants are unable to maintain a constant core temperature and resemble the empirically obtained results, proving the validity and feasibility of our model. AMS (2010): SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION: 92BXX, 92CXX, 92C35, 92C50, 46N60.

An unusual presentation of testicular tumor.

A case of testicular choriocarcinoma is reported in which blood mixed stools and haemoptysis were the presenting manifestations as the patient never told about the testicular swelling to his parents. Orchidectomy was performed but the patient presented again with massive hematemesis due to gastric perforation secondary to gastric metastasis. The size of the testis at diagnosis was approximately 12 x 7 cm. This was also unusual as testicular choriocarcinoma presents as a small mass. The patient eventually died of the complications within one month of diagnosis.