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1.
BMC Pediatr ; 24(1): 450, 2024 Jul 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38997672

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Neonatal and early-life gut microbiome changes are associated with altered cardiometabolic and immune development. In this study, we explored Cesarean delivery effects on the gut microbiome in our high-risk, under-resourced Bronx, NY population. RESULTS: Fecal samples from the Bronx MomBa Health Study (Bronx MomBa Health Study) were categorized by delivery mode (vaginal/Cesarean) and analyzed via 16 S rRNA gene sequencing at four timepoints over the first two years of life. Bacteroidota organisms, which have been linked to decreased risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes, were relatively reduced by Cesarean delivery, while Firmicutes organisms were increased. Organisms belonging to the Enterococcus genus, which have been tied to aberrant immune cell development, were relatively increased in the Cesarean delivery microbiomes. CONCLUSION: Due to their far-reaching impact on cardiometabolic and immune functions, Cesarean deliveries in high-risk patient populations should be carefully considered.


Assuntos
Cesárea , Fezes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Fezes/microbiologia , Cidade de Nova Iorque/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Lactente , Masculino , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Firmicutes/isolamento & purificação , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Bacteroidetes/isolamento & purificação
3.
Front Pediatr ; 11: 1150216, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37425276

RESUMO

Introduction: The effects of psychological distress/resilience on parent-child engagement (e.g., family dinners, reading) during the COVID-19 pandemic have not been well studied. Among very young children from underrepresented backgrounds enrolled in the ongoing longitudinal Bronx Mother Baby Health Study of healthy term infants, we (1) examined associations between exposures to COVID-19-related events, demographic factors and parental psychological distress and resilience; and (2) correlated these factors with parent-child engagement activities. Methods: Between June 2020-August 2021, parents of 105 Bronx Mother Baby Health Study participants aged birth-25 months completed questionnaires related to exposures to COVID-19-related events, frequency of positive parent-child engagement activities, food and housing insecurity, and parental psychological distress and resilience. Families were also asked open ended questions about the pandemic's impact. Results: 29.8% and 47.6% of parents reported food and housing insecurity, respectively. Greater exposures to COVID-19-related events were associated with increased parental psychological distress. Positive parent-child interactions were associated with demographic factors and higher levels of maternal education, but not with exposures to COVID-19-related events. Discussion: This study adds to a growing body of literature on the negative impacts of COVID-19 exposures and psychosocial stressors on families during the pandemic, supporting the need for enhanced mental health resources and social supports for families.

4.
Neoreviews ; 23(6): e363-e372, 2022 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35641462

RESUMO

Epidemiologic studies have shown an association between an adverse intrauterine environment (eg, exposure to malnutrition) and an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease in adulthood. These studies laid the foundation for the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, which states that limited nutrient supply to the fetus results in physiologic and metabolic adaptations that favor survival but result in unfavorable consequences in the offspring if there is excess nutrition after birth. This discrepancy in the pre- and postnatal milieus, perceived as stress by the offspring, may confer an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease later in life. Thus, early life exposures result in programming or changes in cellular memory that have effects on health throughout the life course. One of the mechanisms by which programming occurs is via epigenetic modifications of genes, processes that result in functionally relevant changes in genes (ie, gene expression) without an alteration in the genotype. In this review, we will describe how fetal exposures, including under- and overnutrition, affect neonatal and childhood growth and the future risk for cardiometabolic disease.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Adulto , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/genética , Criança , Epigênese Genética , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Fetal/genética , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Obesidade , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/genética
5.
IEEE J Biomed Health Inform ; 21(5): 1386-1392, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28113385

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to assess whether the novel application of a machine learning approach to data collected from the Microsoft Kinect 2 (MK2) could be used to classify differing levels of upper limb impairment. Twenty-four healthy subjects completed items of the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), which is a clinically validated metric of upper limb function for stroke survivors. Subjects completed the WMFT three times: 1) as a healthy individual; 2) emulating mild impairment; and 3) emulating moderate impairment. A MK2 was positioned in front of participants, and collected kinematic data as they completed the WMFT. A classification framework, based on Riemannian geometry and the use of covariance matrices as feature representation of the MK2 data, was developed for these data, and its ability to successfully classify subjects as either "healthy," "mildly impaired," or "moderately impaired" was assessed. Mean accuracy for our classifier was 91.7%, with a specific accuracy breakdown of 100%, 83.3%, and 91.7% for the "healthy," "mildly impaired," and "moderately impaired" conditions, respectively. We conclude that data from the MK2 is of sufficient quality to perform objective motor behavior classification in individuals with upper limb impairment. The data collection and analysis framework that we have developed has the potential to disrupt the field of clinical assessment. Future studies will focus on validating this protocol on large populations of individuals with actual upper limb impairments in order to create a toolkit that is clinically validated and available to the clinical community.


Assuntos
Fenômenos Biomecânicos/fisiologia , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Extremidade Superior/fisiologia , Adulto , Algoritmos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Máquina de Vetores de Suporte , Gravação em Vídeo/métodos , Adulto Jovem
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