RESUMO
Background: Although a psychiatric history might be an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection and mortality, no studies have systematically investigated how different clusters of pre-existing mental disorders may affect COVID-19 clinical outcomes or showed how the coexistence of mental disorder clusters is related to COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Methods: Using a retrospective cohort study design, a total of 476,775 adult patients with lab-confirmed and probable COVID-19 between March 06, 2020 and April 14, 2021 in South Carolina, United States were included in the current study. The electronic health record data of COVID-19 patients were linked to all payer-based claims data through the SC Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office. Pre-existing mental disorder diagnoses from Jan 2, 2019 to Jan 14, 2021 were extracted from the patients' healthcare utilization data via ICD-10 codes. Results: There is an elevated risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and death among participants with pre-existing mental disorders adjusting for key socio-demographic and comorbidity covariates. Co-occurrence of any two clusters was positively associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization and death. The odds ratio of being hospitalized was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.151, 1.383) for patients with internalizing and externalizing disorders, 1.65 (95% CI: 1.298, 2.092) for internalizing and thought disorders, 1.76 (95% CI: 1.217, 2.542) for externalizing and thought disorders, and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.274, 2.118) for three clusters of mental disorders. Conclusions: Pre-existing internalizing disorders and thought disorders are positively related to COVID-19 hospitalization and death. Co-occurrence of any two clusters of mental disorders have elevated risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and death compared to those with a single cluster.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Transtornos Mentais , Adulto , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Cobertura de Condição Pré-Existente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to critically evaluate recent literature on the use of telepsychiatry in emergency departments (EDTP) and synthesize the evidence on telepsychiatry during public health emergencies. We also report on experiences and success stories from a state-wide EDTP program in South Carolina during the COVID-19 pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS: We identified 12 peer-reviewed articles published between January 2019 and February 2021 that evaluated EDTP interventions and their impact on patient outcomes. The recent evidence on EDTP shows a significant association between EDTP implementation or use and decreased patients' wait time in emergency department (ED), shorter length of stay in certain settings, reduced ED revisit rates, improved ED patient disposition (e.g., more discharge to home, less observational stays, and decreased inpatient admissions), and reduced follow-up encounters involving self-harm diagnosis. The EDTP virtual delivery model can help healthcare systems reduce burden of public health emergencies on providers, staff, and patients alike. While a disruption of magnitude seen by COVID-19 may be infrequent, strategies used during the pandemic may be implemented to enhance care in rural settings, and/or enhance preparedness of communities and healthcare systems during more commonly occurring natural disasters.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Psiquiatria , Telemedicina , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Nonadherence in mood disorders poses a significant obstacle to remission and recovery. A comprehensive approach that includes evidence-based strategies have been shown to improve adherence customized to the individual needs of the patient resulting in improved quality of life and reduced disease burden. This is further strengthened by identifying risk factors, establishing therapeutic alliances, and educating patients, families and other healthcare providers.
RESUMO
Treatment nonadherence is a formidable challenge in today's clinical practice. Despite decades of focused research, medication adherence continues to be a significant risk factor for poor prognosis in schizophrenia. Studies demonstrate that no single strategy is effective for all patients and that a multidisciplinary approach customized to the patient's individual needs results in improved adherence rates. This Open Forum presents a comprehensive model for organizing and incorporating current and future evidence-based strategies with a focus on educational strategies, psychotherapeutic techniques, and a strong therapeutic alliance.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Adesão à Medicação/psicologia , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Antipsicóticos/efeitos adversos , Conscientização , Doença Crônica , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Esquema de Medicação , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Julgamento , Assistência de Longa Duração , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Relações Médico-Paciente , Relações Profissional-Família , Psicoterapia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This article reviews the prevalence, risk factors, and burden of nonadherence in mood and psychotic disorders, and presents evidence-based, disease-specific strategies shown to improve adherence. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive approach based on the goal of remission, designed around the patient's individual needs, facilitates adherence, leads to improved quality of life, and reduces disease burden. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Adherence in mood and psychotic disorders can be improved when providers take time to build trusting relationships; identify risk factors; anticipate nonadherence; individualize treatment; and educate patients, families, and other healthcare providers.
Assuntos
Adesão à Medicação/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/enfermagem , Motivação , Psicotrópicos/administração & dosagem , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso/organização & administração , Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Avaliação em Enfermagem , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Psicotrópicos/efeitos adversos , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Transtorno Autístico/prevenção & controle , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/organização & administração , Adaptação Psicológica , Transtorno Autístico/diagnóstico , Transtorno Autístico/etiologia , Transtorno Autístico/psicologia , Criança , Comunicação , Auxiliares de Comunicação para Pessoas com Deficiência , Família/psicologia , Comportamento de Ajuda , Humanos , Masculino , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem/psicologia , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Avaliação em Enfermagem , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Língua de Sinais , Apoio Social , TatoRESUMO
An innovative community health experience was provided through a collaborative partnership between the Richland County Sheriff's Department and the University of South Carolina College of Nursing. The authors discuss this unique experience.