FDA-Approved Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cell Therapy for Different Cancers-A Recent Perspective.

Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, and their rate of occurence has been increased in recent decades. Current review article, summarizes the novel treatment options Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy for various cancers constitute a major health and development challenge, impacting every aspect of sustainable development quoted by goal 3 good health and well-being of UN sustainable goals. WHO estimates that 70% of cancer deaths occur in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) by 2030, LMICs are expected to bear the brunt of the expected 24.1 million new cancer cases per year. This current review article focuses and discussed about CAR-T cell therapy for various cancers against most prevalent non-communicable disease cancer disease stipulated by WHO and UN sustainable goals. Three literature databases Google scholar, Science Direct, PubMed was utilized to search and collect CAR-T cell treatment options for different cancers published articles sources in between January 2000 and December 2023. There were a total of 18,700 papers found, with 48 of them being found to be eligible focusing various cancer treatment by CAR-T cells utilized for the study. Based on the information gathered, CAR-T cell therapy treating different cancers and their merit and its advantages in heal and improve certain cancers was also discussed in this review article with their detailed molecular mechanisms. This article also gives an insight to utilize CAR-T cell treatment protocols for rejuvenating cancer patient from such ruthless cancer disease condition thereby improving life span of cancer patients and eradication of disease in some cases.

Anthropometry of Nonarthritic Asian Knees: Is It Time for a Race-Specific Knee Implant?

Background@#This study was done to study the anthropometry of nonarthritic Asian knees; to determine the differences in morphology between knees of different ethnicities and to compare the knee anthropometry values with sizes of available knee implants. @*Methods@#Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 100 nonarthritic Indian knees were analyzed. Anteroposterior (AP) length, mediolateral (ML) length, and aspect ratio of the distal femur and proximal tibia, patellar length, and patellar tendon length were measured. These values were compared with values of other ethnicities from literature. The values were also compared with sizes of available knee implants and evaluated for mismatch. @*Results@#All the parameters of female knees were significantly smaller than those of male knees (p < 0.05). The distal femur of Indian knees resembled that of Chinese knees with similar AP and ML lengths and aspect ratio. The distal femur of Indian knees had a significantly smaller AP, ML, and aspect ratio than those of Hispanic knees did. In comparison to Caucasian distal femur, Indian knees had smaller AP and ML lengths and larger aspect ratio. In terms of the proximal tibia, the Indian knees were smaller than Chinese (only ML), Caucasian (AP and ML) and Hispanic (AP and ML) knees. On comparison with implant sizes, there was a mismatch between the distal femur morphology and the dimensions of all implants. For a given AP length, the ML dimensions of all implants were smaller than the measured ML length of the knee. However, the tibial components of all the studied implants correlated well with the tibial morphology. @*Conclusions@#Distinct anthropometric differences exist between knees of different ethnicities. The knees of females were smaller than the knees of males. In Indian knees, the ML-AP aspect ratio of the distal femur was higher than that of the currently available femoral components. These results suggest the need for race-specific knee implants.