Interaction between varying social ties on health: Perceived partner responsiveness and institutional trust.

The interplay between different forms of social relationships, that is, perceived partner responsiveness and institutional trust, on subjective health evaluations was examined for the first time. There were 1241 respondents who had a romantic relationship. After adjusting for the covariates, findings suggested that greater perceived partner responsiveness and institutional trust led respondents to report better subjective health. The positive link between perceived partner responsiveness and subjective health was more pronounced among the respondents reporting a lower level of institutional trust. Such an interaction could be an indicator pointing out the compensatory role of close relationship dynamics. Given that finding, public health authorities and practitioners could be encouraged to be aware of the adaptive function of social ties on health and focus on maintaining the strength of intimate social ties and building trust between authority gradients. This suggestion could especially be adaptive not only during "normal" times but also during post-disaster circumstances (e.g., COVID-19).

Investigation of human papilloma virus frequency in pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV types, and the association with age, pregnancy, and childbirth in pregnant women. METHOD: Four hundred and forty-eight pregnant women who visited our clinic were enrolled in the study. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine HPV DNA and typing by cervical smear in the initial applications of patients with detailed history. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 13.0 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: HPV DNA was positive in 26 (5.8%) of 448 patients who participated in the study. High-risk HPV types were detected in 77% of HPV-positive cases and low-risk HPV types in 23% of cases. Only one HPV type was detected in 13 patients (50%), while multiple HPV types were detected in 13 patients (50%) of the HPV-positive cases. A significant negative association was found between gravidity and positivity of HPV DNA. HPV is more common in women with lower parity and gravidity. CONCLUSION: Studies conducted in different populations in different regions of Turkey have shown that the incidence of HPV in women ranges from 2.2% to 26%. In our study, the incidence of HPV DNA in pregnant women was 5.8%. It was found that there was an inverse relationship between parity and HPV DNA positivity. The HPV DNA positivity decreased with the number of births.

Investigation of CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 Expressions in the Placentas of Preeclampsia Cases.

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the expression of CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 antibodies (Ab), which we think have an effect on the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE), in pregnant patients with healthy placentas and placentas with PE. The expression of these antibodies has been investigated in a limited amount of former research, but their role in PE has not yet been clarified. With this study, we aimed to contribute to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of PE and the detection of new target molecules for treatment. Materials and Methods: Parturients with singleton pregnancy at 32 weeks or above without any maternal or fetal pathology who were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital between 11 January 2020 and 7 January 2022 were included in the present study. Pregnant women with coexisting disease or a pathology related to the placenta (ablation placenta, vasa previa, hemangioma, etc.) were excluded. CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 antibodies were histopathologically and immunohistochemically detected in 60 placentas with PE (study group) and 43 healthy placentas (control group). Results: CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 proteins were all more intensely expressed in preeclamptic placentas and a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for all three antibodies (p < 0.001). Deciduitis, perivillous fibrin deposition, intervillous fibrin, intervillous hemorrhage, infarct, calcification, laminar necrosis and syncytial node were found to be significantly more common in the study group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We observed that CD56, ADAM17 and FGF21 expressions increased in preeclamptic placentas. These Ab may be responsible for the pathogenesis of PE, which can be illuminated with further studies.

Is negativity bias intuitive for liberals and conservatives?

Previous research suggests that conservatives (right-wingers) tend to show more negativity bias than liberals (left-wingers) in several tasks. However, the majority of these studies are based on correlational findings and do not provide information on the cognitive underpinnings of this tendency. The current research investigated whether intuition promotes negativity bias and mitigates the ideological asymmetry in this domain in three underrepresented, non-western samples (Turkey). In line with the previous literature, we defined negativity bias as the tendency to interpret ambiguous faces as threatening. The results of the lab experiment revealed that negativity bias increases under high-cognitive load overall. In addition, this effect was moderated by the participants' political orientation (Experiment 1). In other words, when their cognitive resources were depleted, liberals became more like conservatives in terms of negativity bias. However, we failed to conceptually replicate this effect using time-limit manipulations in two online preregistered experiments during the COVID-19 pandemic, where the baseline negativity bias is thought to be already at peak. Thus, the findings provide no strong evidence for the idea that intuition promotes negativity bias and that liberals use cognitive effort to avoid this perceptual bias.

Evaluation of HPV, smear and colposcopy results in patients with diabetes.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a difference in human papillomavirus (HPV), smear, and cervical biopsy results between patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: Retrospectively, 136 patients with positive high risk (HR) HPV screening results with and without DM who underwent colposcopy between 2015 and 2019 were identified. The clinicopathological characteristics and HR HPV screening results were reported and analyzed. The results of the patients with and without DM were compared. RESULTS: HPV 16 positivity, Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS), and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1 (CIN 1) in smear and biopsy results were higher in patients with DM than patients without DM. CONCLUSIONS: The higher HPV positivity in patients with diabetes may require reforming the frequency and method of cervical cancer screening to be applied to this patient group.

The role of co-regulation of stress in the relationship between perceived partner responsiveness and binge eating: A dyadic analysis.

The main aim of this study is to investigate whether there are relationships between perceived partner responsiveness (PPR), co-regulation of negative affect between romantic partners and binge eating. Data were collected from 148 opposite-sex romantic partners (18-61 years old) with the mean relationship duration being 8.04 years. Dyadic data were analysed through the actor-partner interdependence model framework. We proposed a model where co-regulation between partners has indirect effects on the relationship between PPR and binge eating. Results showed that there was no direct association between PPR and binge eating scores of the participants. However, significant direct associations were found regarding both actor and partner effects of PPR on co-regulation between romantic partners. In addition, there were four significant indirect effects: Women's co-regulation had an indirect effect on the link between PPR and women's binge eating scores. Similarly, women's co-regulation had also a significant indirect effect on the link between PPR and men's binge eating. These findings are the first to illustrate a relationship between PPR and binge eating. This study is the first attempt to examine binge eating in terms of co-regulation processes.

The comparison of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and beta-carotene effects on JAR and JEG-3 choriocarcinoma human cell culture models

Objective: The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), beta-carotene, and a combination of PLD and beta-carotene on JAR and JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma (CC) cell lines for the treatment of CC. Material and Methods: JAR and JEG-3 cells were cultured. PLD and beta-carotene trial groups were determined with different doses (for single drug trial; PLD 1, 2, 5 µg/mL and beta-carotene 1, 5, 10 µg/mL, and for combined drug trial; all PLD doses combined with beta-carotene 5 µg/mL). Drugs were administered to cultures simultaneously, and 72 hours later the cells were detached using trypsin-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid solution. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry after annexin V staining. One set of the supernatant was collected before trypsin application to investigate beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) and hyperglycosylated hCG (H-hCG) levels. Statistical analyses of the apoptotic ratios were performed using Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Apoptosis increased in JAR and JEG-3 cultures after treatment with all doses of PLD (p<0.05). A single application of each betacarotene dose increased apoptosis in JAR cells (p<0.05) but had no apoptotic effects on JEG-3 cells. In the PLD and beta-carotene combination group, apoptosis increased in both JAR and JEG-3 cells (p<0.05). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the effectiveness of PLD, beta-carotene, and PLD + beta-carotene combination therapy in two different CC cell lines. PLD is a promising chemotherapeutic drug, and beta-carotene can be used as a novel non-chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of CC. Based on the results of this study, vitamin A supplementation may have promise as a preventive measure. However, these data need support from animal experiments and clinical trials.

Comparison of outcomes of Burch colposuspension and transobturator tape and single incision needleless procedures (DynaMesh®-SIS minor) for the surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence patients who underwent combined pelvic reconstructive surgery or hysterectomy.

PURPOSE: Women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) often require combined pelvic reconstructive surgeries because of shared risk factors of pelvic organ prolapse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacies of Burch colposuspension, transobturator tape (TOT), and single-incision needleless (DynaMesh®-SIS minor) procedures in patients with SUI who also underwent combined pelvic reconstructive surgery or hysterectomy. METHODS: We performed this retrospective cohort study that comprising 122 patients who either underwent Burch colposuspension (n:43), TOT (n:40), or SIS (n:39) procedures along with pelvic reconstructive surgery or hysterectomy between January 2010 and July 2018. During the clinical follow-up, we analyzed cure rates, and surgical success rates of SUI surgery, quality of life, and symptom severity by IIQ-7, UDI-6, SSI, SSQ-8, OAB-V8, and PGI-I scale scores. The primary outcome was surgical success, whereas secondary outcomes included complications and patient-reported outcomes in the quality of life. RESULTS: We found that surgical success rates were higher in Burch group than SIS group and higher in TOT group than in SIS group (88.4% vs 61.5% and 87.5% vs 61.5%, p = 0.003). The quality of life was lower in SIS group than in Burch group. CONCLUSIONS: Both Burch and TOT are effective procedures in patients with SUI who require additional pelvic surgeries. Although surgical outcomes of SIS procedure in patients with SUI who underwent concomitant pelvic surgeries in our study were not promising, further studies with SIS are needed to clarify these observations.

Accuracy of the 24-h urine protein excretion value in patients with preeclampsia: correlation with instant and 24-h urine protein/creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratios.

The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the 24-h urine collection in preeclamptic pregnant women. This study included 65 singletons with preeclampsia and 53 singleton patients in a control-matched group. The ratio of inaccurate 24-h urine collection was measured by calculating expected urine creatinine excretion according to the proportion of pre-pregnancy weight and the lean body mass (LBM) of the patients. Comparisons were made between the accurately-collected 24-h urine protein excretion rates and the instant and 24-h urine protein/creatinine (P/Cr) and albumin/creatinine (A/Cr) ratios. Twenty-four-hour urine collection used to diagnose patients with preeclampsia was incorrectly collected 15-73.5% of the time among the patients and the control group. Instant and 24-h urine P/Cr and A/Cr ratios were correlated with total 24-h proteinuria among the patients in whom urine was collected correctly. Considering the 24-h urine P/Cr ratio, rather than the 24-h urine protein excretion value, is a better way to diagnose preeclampsia. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Twenty-four-hour urine collection is considered as the gold standard of diagnosing proteinuria in preeclampsia, in case of the correctly collected. What do the results of this study add? Generally, in the literature the correctness of 24-h proteinuria is not questioned. However, it is actually quite important in daily practice to make the correct diagnosis of the proteinuria not to misdiagnose preeclampsia. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In this article, we aimed to show the importance of accurately collected 24-h urine in preeclampsia. We consider and advise to change the gold standard of this technique to 24-h protein/creatinine (P/Cr) ratio, in order to make correct diagnosis of the preeclampsia.

Successful management of cesarean scar pregnancy with vacuum extraction under ultrasound guidance.

AIM: Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy. The gestational sac is implanted in the myometrium at the site of a previous cesarean section. Mothers with CSP are faced with risks of unpredictable massive bleeding or more fatal complications. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and reliability of the intraoperative ultrasound-guided vacuum aspiration method as an effective treatment option for CSP. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective analysis of CSP patients who had undergone the vacuum aspiration method, by reviewing patient records from the period October 2015 to January 2018. All of the operations were carried out under general anesthesia, with patients in the lithotomy position, using suprapubic ultrasonography guidance. A vacuum aspirator was used to aspirate the whole pregnancy material without perforating the previous cesarean section scar. RESULTS: Ten women with CSP were managed successfully by ultrasound-guided vacuum extraction without complications or further interventions, such as reoperation or methotrexate administration. Three of the 10 patients needed uterine Foley catheter tampon (50 cc) for 4 h after vacuum extraction alone was applied. During the study period, two additional patients who did not meet the criteria for the vacuum extraction method alone were managed with methotrexate plus vacuum application. Because of the rarity of the condition, the majority of CSPs are case reports or small case series reported in published works, with no consensus on the preferred course of treatment. CONCLUSION: The vacuum extraction method seems to be a good and practical way of treating CSP. Comparisons of efficacy should be undertaken but large sample sizes are required. We hope this study brings a new perspective for larger sample-sized studies, considering the technique is feasible and applicable.

Attachment anxiety benefits from security priming: Evidence from working memory performance.

The present study investigates the relationship between the attachment dimensions (anxious vs. avoidance) and the cognitive performance of individuals, specifically whether the attachment dimensions would predict the working memory (WM) performance. In the n-back task, reflecting the WM capacity, both attachment related and non-attachment related words were used. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups that received either the secure or the neutral subliminal priming. In the secure priming condition, the aim was to induce sense of security by presenting secure attachment words prior to the n-back task performance. In neutral priming condition, neutral words that did not elicit sense of security were presented. Structural equation modeling revealed divergent patterns for attachment anxiety and avoidance dimensions under the different priming conditions. In neutral priming condition, WM performance declined in terms of capacity in the n-back task for individuals who rated higher levels of attachment anxiety. However in the secure priming condition, WM performance was boosted in the n-back task for individuals who rated higher levels of attachment anxiety. In other words, the subliminal priming of the security led to increased WM capacity of individuals who rated higher levels of attachment anxiety. This effect, however, was not observed for higher levels of attachment avoidance. Results are discussed along the lines of hyperactivation and deactivation strategies of the attachment system.

The genetics of recurrent hydatidiform moles: new insights and lessons from a comprehensive analysis of 113 patients.

Hydatidiform mole is an aberrant human pregnancy characterized by early embryonic arrest and excessive trophoblastic proliferation. Recurrent hydatidiform moles are defined by the occurrence of at least two hydatidiform moles in the same patient. Fifty to eighty percent of patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles have biallelic pathogenic variants in NLRP7 or KHDC3L. However, in the remaining patients, the genotypic types of the moles are unknown. We characterized 80 new hydatidiform mole tissues, 57 of which were from patients with no mutations in the known genes, and we reviewed the genotypes of a total of 123 molar tissues. We also reviewed mutation analysis in 113 patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles. While all hydatidiform moles from patients with biallelic NLRP7 or KHDC3L mutations are diploid biparental, we demonstrate that those from patients without mutations are highly heterogeneous and only a small minority of them are diploid biparental (8%). The other mechanisms that were found to recur in patients without mutations are diploid androgenetic monospermic (24%) and triploid dispermic (32%); the remaining hydatidiform moles were misdiagnosed as moles due to errors in the analyses and/or their unusual mechanisms. We compared three parameters of genetic susceptibility in patients with and without mutations and show that patients without mutations are mostly from non-familial cases, have fewer reproductive losses, and more live births. Our data demonstrate that patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles and no mutations in the known genes are, in general, different from those with mutations; they have a milder genetic susceptibility and/or a multifactorial etiology underlying their recurrent hydatidiform moles. Categorizing these patients according to the genotypic types of their recurrent hydatidiform moles may facilitate the identification of novel genes for this entity.

The Impact of Surgical Staging on the Prognosis of Mucinous Borderline Tumors of the Ovaries: A Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of complete surgical staging of patients with mucinous borderline ovarian tumors (mBOTs) especially appendectomy on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The database of 14 gynecological oncology departments from Turkey and Germany were comprehensively searched for women who underwent primary surgery for an ovarian tumor between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2015, and whose final diagnosis was mBOT. RESULTS: A total of 364 patients with mBOT with a median age of 43.1 years were included in this analysis. The median OS of all patients was 53.1 months. The majority of cases had Stage IA (78.6%). In univariate and multivariate analyses, radical surgery, omentectomy, appendectomy, lymphadenectomy, and adding adjuvant chemotherapy were not independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Furthermore, FIGO stage (≥IC vs.

Are the women with Sjögren's Syndrome satisfied with their sexual activity?

OBJECTIVE: Females with Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) often experience vaginal dryness and dyspareunia, along with glandular and extraglandular symptoms. We aimed to evaluate sexual function and life quality in women with SS. METHODS: Forty-six premenopausal women with SS and 47 age-matched controls were studied. Age, duration of the disease, medications, and comorbid diseases were noted. Participants completed 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Patients were asked about vaginal discharge and itching in the last month, and if they informed their rheumatologists about any sexual problems. Gynecologic examinations were performed and vaginal smears were taken on each participant. RESULTS: The median total scores of FSFI were significantly lower in the SS group than the controls [17.12 (2.4-27.8) and 27.4 (16.9-36.0), respectively, p<0.001]. In the SS group, 37 (80.4%) and in the control group 18 (38.3%) of patients were sexually dissatisfied (p<0.001). Vaginal dryness and lubricant use were significantly increased in patients with SS compared to controls (p<0.001). Life quality scores were significantly lower in patients with SS than the controls (p<0.001). Vaginal dryness was negatively correlated with FSFI total (r=-0.312, p=0.035) and subscores except desire and arousal. Physical functioning, role physical and role emotional scores were positively correlated with total FSFI scores (r=0.449, p=0.002, r=0.371, p=0.011, r=0.299, p=0.043, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Women with SS experience less satisfaction with sexual activity, which can be affected by age, vaginal dryness, physical pain, and impaired function due to the disease. Therefore, rheumatologists should pay attention to these symptoms and management.

Are the women with Sjögren's Syndrome satisfied with their sexual activity? / As mulheres com síndrome de Sjögren estão satisfeitas com sua atividade sexual?

ABSTRACT Objective: Females with Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) often experience vaginal dryness and dyspareunia, along with glandular and extraglandular symptoms. We aimed to evaluate sexual function and life quality in women with SS. Methods: Forty-six premenopausal women with SS and 47 age-matched controls were studied. Age, duration of the disease, medications, and comorbid diseases were noted. Participants completed 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Patients were asked about vaginal discharge and itching in the last month, and if they informed their rheumatologists about any sexual problems. Gynecologic examinations were performed and vaginal smears were taken on each participant. Results: The median total scores of FSFI were significantly lower in the SS group than the controls [17.12 (2.4-27.8) and 27.4 (16.9-36.0), respectively, p < 0.001]. In the SS group, 37 (80.4%) and in the control group 18 (38.3%) of patients were sexually dissatisfied (p < 0.001). Vaginal dryness and lubricant use were significantly increased in patients with SS compared to controls (p < 0.001). Life quality scores were significantly lower in patients with SS than the controls (p < 0.001). Vaginal dryness was negatively correlated with FSFI total (r = −0.312, p = 0.035) and subscores except desire and arousal. Physical functioning, role physical and role emotional scores were positively correlated with total FSFI scores (r = 0.449, p = 0.002, r = 0.371, p = 0.011, r = 0.299, p = 0.043, respectively). Conclusions: Women with SS experience less satisfaction with sexual activity, which can be affected by age, vaginal dryness, physical pain, and impaired function due to the disease. Therefore, rheumatologists should pay attention to these symptoms and management.

RESUMO Objetivo: As mulheres com síndrome de Sjögren (SS) muitas vezes experimentam secura vaginal e dispareunia, juntamente com sintomas glandulares e extraglandulares. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a função sexual e a qualidade de vida de mulheres com SS. Métodos: Estudaram-se 46 mulheres pré-menopáusicas com SS e 47 controles pareados por idade. Avaliaram-se a idade, a duração da doença, os medicamentos usados e as comorbidades. As participantes preencheram o questionário de qualidade de vida 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36) e o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). As pacientes foram perguntadas quanto à presença de corrimento e prurido vaginal no último mês e se haviam informado a seus reumatologistas sobre quaisquer problemas sexuais. Fizeram-se exames ginecológicos e esfregaços vaginais de todas as participantes. Resultados: A mediana do escore total do FSFI foi significativamente menor no grupo SS do que no grupo controle [17,12 (2,4 a 27,8) e 27,4 (16,9 a 36), respectivamente, p < 0,001]. Nos grupos SS e controle, 37 (80,4%) e 18 (38,3%) das pacientes estavam sexualmente insatisfeitas, respectivamente (p < 0,001). A presença de secura vaginal e o uso de lubrificantes foram significativamente mais frequentes em pacientes com SS em relação aos controles (p < 0,001). Os índices de qualidade de vida foram significativamente menores nas pacientes com SS do que nos controles (p < 0,001). A secura vaginal esteve negativamente correlacionada com o FSFI total (r = −0,312 p = 0,035) e com todos os seus subescores, exceto desejo e excitação. Os escores de capacidade funcional, aspecto físico e aspecto emocional se correlacionaram positivamente com a pontuação total do FSFI (r = 0,449, p = 0,002; r = 0,371, p = 0,011; r = 0,299, p = 0,043, respectivamente). Conclusões: As mulheres com SS têm menor satisfação com a atividade sexual, o que pode ser afetado pela idade, secura vaginal, dor física e função prejudicada em razão da doença. Portanto, os reumatologista devem prestar atenção a esses sintomas e seu tratamento.

Borderline ovarian tumors: clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes - a multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical management and staging of borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are controversial. Institutions have different surgical approaches for the treatment of BOTs. Here, we performed a retrospective review of clinical characteristics, surgical management and surgical outcomes, and sought to identify variables affecting disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with BOTs. METHODS: A retrospective review of ten gynecological oncology department databases in Turkey was conducted to identify patients diagnosed with BOTs. The effects of type of surgery, age, stage, surgical staging, complete versus incomplete staging, and adjuvant chemotherapy were examined on DFS and OS. RESULTS: In total, 733 patients with BOTs were included in the analysis. Most of the staged cases were in stage IA (70.4 %). In total, 345 patients underwent conservative surgeries. Recurrence rates were similar between the conservative and radical surgery groups (10.5 % vs. 8.7 %). Furthermore we did not find any difference between DFS (HR = 0.96; 95 % confidence interval, CI = 0.7-1.2; p = 0.576) or OS (HR = 0.9; 95 % CI = 0.8-1.1; p = 0.328) between patients who underwent conservative versus radical surgeries. There was also no difference in DFS (HR = 0.74; 95 % CI = 0.8-1.1; p = 0.080) or OS (HR = 0.8; 95 % CI = 0.7-1.0; p = 0.091) between complete, incomplete, and unstaged patients. Furthermore, receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) for tumor stage ≥ IC was not an independent prognostic factor for DFS or OS. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing conservative surgery did not show higher recurrence rates; furthermore, survival time was not shortened. Detailed surgical staging, including lymph node sampling or dissection, appendectomy, and hysterectomy, were not beneficial in the surgical management oF BOTs.

Can Plateletcrit be a Marker for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss?

AIM: To determine the utility of platelet (PLT) indices for the prediction of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). METHODS: In all, 208 patients who experienced 2 or more first trimester spontaneous abortions and 95 controls who had no abortions were studied. The hematological markers, including plateletcrit (PCT) and neutrophil (Neu) to lymphocyte (Lym) ratio (NLR), were measured. Thrombophilia genetic tests for factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin G202I0A mutation, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677 T and A1298C mutations were performed. RESULTS: The PLT count, PCT, white blood cell count, red cell distribution width (RDW), Lym and Neu count, and NLR were significantly higher in patients with RPL than in controls. The RDW, PLT, and PCT values were higher in the low-risk group, whereas mean PLT volume values were lower than the high-risk group values. CONCLUSION: Plateletcrit is a low-cost, widely available marker for prediction of RPL in patients with a history of at least 1 abortus.

Knowledge level of working and student nurses on cervical cancer and human papilloma virus vaccines.

PURPOSE: To determine knowledge levels of working and student nurses about cervical cancer and prophylactic cancer vaccines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed on 259 nursing students in the Department of Nursing and 137 nurses working in Health Research and Practice Center, approved to participate in the study between April-June 2012. The study was performed universally without selecting a sample. A questionnaire that was prepared for evaluating participants' knowledge and attitudes about human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine was distributed to the nurses and data obtained from the forms were transferred to SPSS 15.00 program and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: It was found that 54.8% of the student nurses were between 21-24 years old and 13.1% of working students were between 25-28 years old. When student nurses and working nurses were compared in terms of their knowledge about the causes of cervical cancer, their ideas about prevention from cervical cancer with HPV vaccine, their ideas about possible risks of HPV vaccine and conservation ratios of HPV vaccine, it was observed that there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). When student nurses and working nurses were compared in terms of the information-source about HPV, ways of HPV contamination, awareness about people who are susceptible to HPV contamination and age of HPV vaccination, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was found that all nurses had some knowledge about cervical cancer and HPV vaccine, but this was not sufficient. Therefore; it is recommended to use verbal, written and visual communication tools intensively in order to have topics on cervical cancer, early diagnosis and prevention in bachelor and master programs for nurses, to inform society about cervical cancer and HPV vaccine for public health and to teach precautions for its prevention.