Efficacy of the use of evidence-based algorithmic guidelines in the acute care setting for pain assessment and management in older people: a critical review of the literature.

AIM: The aim of the literature review was to identify all examples of primary research using an algorithmic approach for the implementation of a clinical practice guideline relating to pain assessment and/or management within acute care, with a specific focus on older people. DESIGN: Critical literature review. DATA SOURCES: Inclusion criteria were; English language publications within the past 13 years; peer reviewed; research conducted within a hospital; about adult inpatients. Exclusion criteria; research located outside of a hospital context; quality improvement studies; rehabilitation studies and literature reviews. REVIEW METHODS: Critical appraisal of the literature by using a qualitative interpretation of a translational approach. The literature was thematically mapped according to the criteria of credibility, transferability, plausibility and applicability. RESULTS: No clinical practice guideline was found that directly related to both assessment and management of pain using an algorithm in acute care for older people. Five studies were found to have relevance and were critically evaluated. CONCLUSION: A critique of the literature shows that an algorithmic approach is feasible for translation into a clinical practice guideline for assessment and management of pain in older people within the acute care setting. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Implementation of any algorithmic approach requires consideration of the environment, culture and availability of resources.