The Relationship between Gender Identity and Gender Centrality among Transgender, Cisgender, Nonbinary, and Intersex Individuals.

This study highlights the relationship between gender identity and gender centrality, including self-reported measures of the centrality of masculinity and femininity in individuals' interactional expression, physical expression, interests, and feeling masculine or feminine. This is a secondary data analysis of a larger study (The 2019 Pleasure Study). In this analysis, it was found that there is a notable relationship between gender identity and levels of gender centrality. Transgender men and transgender women reported higher levels of gender identity centrality ("How important is your gender identity to the way you think about yourself?") than cisgender men and women. Nonbinary people and intersex individuals reported higher levels of gender identity centrality than cisgender men and cisgender women, but lower levels than transgender men and transgender women. In an average of centrality measures ("How important are how masculine/feminine your physical expression, interactional expression, feelings, and interests are?"), trans women had the highest average centrality scores while cis men had the lowest.

The Relational Nature of Gender, the Pervasiveness of Heteronormative Sexual Scripts, and the Impact on Sexual Pleasure.

This study examined how gender shapes sexual interactions and pleasure outcomes. We highlight varying expectations people have in regard to sex by combining questions about orgasm frequency and sexual pleasure. Our analysis was driven from a sample of 907 survey responses from cis women, cis men, trans women, trans men, non-binary, and intersex millennial respondents, 324 of which had gender-diverse sexual histories. The findings built upon previous literature about the orgasm gap by including those with underrepresented gender identities and expanding our conceptualization of gender's role in the gap beyond gender identity. Qualitative results indicated that individuals change their behavior based on their partner's gender and follow strong gendered scripts. Participants also relied upon heteronormative scripts and cis normative roles to set their interactions for the sexual encounter. Our findings support previous research on how gender identity impacts pleasure outcomes and has implications for how we might make gender progress in the arena of sexuality.

Trans Men's Access to Knowledgeable Providers and Their Experiences in Health Care Settings: Differences by Demographics, Mental Health, and Degree of Being "Out" to Providers.

Transgender adults face a health care system rife with stigma, including a lack of culturally responsive providers and high likelihood of discrimination and mistreatment. However, there is a gap in knowledge about trans men-those assigned a female sex at birth who identify as men or as transmasculine-including subgroups, such as trans men of color. Using data from the U.S. Transgender Survey, the largest transgender survey conducted in the United States, this study analyzes whether trans men's access to knowledgeable providers and their experiences of mistreatment in health care were related to demographic and mental health characteristics and degree of being "out" to providers. Among 7,950 trans men, respondent race and ethnicity, education level, disability status, psychological distress, suicidality, and being less "out" were associated with assessing one's health care provider as not knowledgeable about trans-related care. Mistreatment in health care was more common among Alaska Native/American Indian trans men; those who lived in or near poverty; those who were queer, pansexual, bisexual, or an orientation not listed; those with a disability; those experiencing distress or suicidality; and those who were more "out." This article discusses how findings can inform culturally responsive health care interventions with trans men.