Pharmacokinetics of famotidine in goats after intravenous administration.

There is currently limited pharmacokinetic data for the use of famotidine in goats for treatment and prevention of abomasal ulceration. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters after a single intravenous administration of famotidine (0.6 mg/kg). Famotidine was administered to six healthy goats and plasma samples were collected over a 24-h period. The famotidine concentration was measured using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Non-compartmental analysis was then used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters. The maximum plasma concentration was estimated at 5476.68 ± 1530.51 ng/mL and elimination half-life was estimated at 18.455 ± 13.26 min. The mean residence time was determined to be 19.85 ± 12.14 min with the apparent volume of distribution being estimated at 321.924 ± 221.667. The area under the curve was determined to be 54230.08 ± 24947.6 min*ng/mL. Total exposure and elimination half-life were less than what has been reported in cattle and horses. Future research evaluating the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous administration and looking at the pharmacodynamics of famotidine in goats is needed to determine the effectiveness of famotidine on raising pH levels of the abomasum.

Pharmacokinetics of Pantoprazole and Pantoprazole Sulfone in Goats After Intravenous Administration: A Preliminary Report.

Background: Ruminant species are at risk of developing abomasal ulceration, but there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data for anti-ulcer therapies, such as the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole, in goats. Objective: The primary study objective was to estimate the plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole in adult goats after intravenous administration. A secondary objective was to describe the pharmacokinetic parameters for the metabolite, pantoprazole sulfone, in goats. Methods: Pantoprazole was administered intravenously to six adult goats at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Plasma samples were collected over 36h and analyzed via reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for determination of pantoprazole and pantoprazole sulfone concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental analysis. Results: Plasma clearance, elimination half-life, and volume of distribution of pantoprazole were estimated at 0.345 mL/kg/min, 0.7 h, and 0.9 L/kg, respectively following IV administration. The maximum concentration, elimination half-life and area under the curve of pantoprazole sulfone were estimated at 0.1 µg/mL, 0.8 h, and 0.2 hr*µg/mL, respectively. The global extraction ratio was estimated 0.00795 ± 0.00138. All animals had normal physical examinations after conclusion of the study. Conclusion: The reported plasma clearance for pantoprazole is lower than reported for foals, calves, and alpacas. The elimination half-life appears to be < that reported for foals and calves. Future pharmacodynamic studies are necessary for determination of the efficacy of pantoprazole on acid suppression in goats.