RESUMO
The lack of preventive and disease modifying therapies for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a major unmet medical need. Search for such therapies utilize mouse models and require detection of seizures in electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. The labor-intensive nature of reviewing EEGs spanning many weeks underscores the need for a method of automated detection. Here we report a simple automated method of detecting seizures in long term EEG recordings from electrodes implanted in the hippocampus in animal models of TLE. We utilize a 2-pronged approach that relies on the increase in power within the gamma band range (20-50hz) during the seizure followed by suppression of activity following the seizure (post-ictal suppression [PIS]). We demonstrate the utility of this method for detecting seizures in hippocampal and amygdala EEG recordings from multiple models of TLE.
Assuntos
Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal , Animais , Camundongos , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico , Convulsões/diagnóstico , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Hipocampo , Tonsila do Cerebelo , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and most aggressive types of primary brain tumors in humans. Even with aggressive surgical resections using state of the art preoperative and intraoperative neuroim-aging, along with the most recent techniques in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for GBM patients remains dismal. Survival after diagnosis is about 12-14 months. The tumor cells which already have migrated into normal brain tissue beyond the surgical resection margin account for the inability to effectively treat this tumor. Understanding how to control the migration of GBM cells is paramount to future therapies. In this review, we will focus on the emerging targets and agents which are being exploited to inhibit the migration of glioma cells in GBM.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/patologia , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Movimento Celular , Terapia Combinada , Citocinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Glioblastoma/terapia , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/farmacologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/fisiologia , Masculino , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/fisiologia , Prognóstico , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores beta/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality in the United States with an estimated incidence of greater than 600 000 clinically evident cases each year. It results in more than 200 000 deaths per year and is thought to be the number one cause of preventable in-hospital deaths. This review presents the history, pathophysiology, diagnostic considerations, and treatment options for VTE.
