A new approach for antimicrobial and antiviral activities of biocompatible nanocomposite based on cellulose, amino acid and graphene oxide.

In this work, biocompatible, antimicrobial, and antiviral nanocomposites were prepared through two steps. In the first step, periodate oxidation of cellulose was performed to get dialdehyde cellulose (DAC). The second step included the reaction of DAC with sulfur-containing amino acids included Cysteine (Cys) and Methionine (Meth) in the presence of graphene oxide (GO). The prepared nanocomposites were characterized via FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and TGA. Antimicrobial and antiviral activities for all designed nanocomposites besides DAC were carried out. Both DAC/GO/Cys and DAC/GO/Meth exhibited a promising antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa), Gram-positive (B. subtilis and S. aureus), and unicellular fungi (C. Albicans and C. neoformans), while the DAC/GO/Cys/Meth nanocomposite was the lowest. Moreover, all designed nanocomposites have a strong antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1) at minimum nontoxic concentration. Additionally, Computational procedures and Molecular docking showed the reactivity and stability of the molecules that have biological activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and HSV-1. As well as DAC incorporation with amino acid enhanced their reactivity and their interaction.

Antimicrobial and antiviral activities with molecular docking study of chitosan/carrageenan@clove oil beads.

BACKGROUND: Biopolymers are promising candidates that can be fabricated into hydrophilic matrices and used for many applications due to their distinctive properties such as non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatibility, and low cost. A promising composite of chitosan and carrageenan with self-crosslinking has been prepared. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, a rigorous approach for an inexpensive and non-toxic combination of different amounts of clove oil with two polyelectrolytes including chitosan and carrageenan in the form of beads has been prepared. The structure and the surface morphology of the beads were investigated using FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and SEM. Moreover, antimicrobial, antiviral activity, and molecular docking were evaluated. Antibacterial results revealed that chitosan/carrageenan@clove oil beads have antimicrobial activity as well as chitosan/carrageenan without clove oil against Escherichia coli AATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AATCC27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Bacillus subtilis AATCC6051, and Candida albicans ATCC90028. Furthermore, maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) of chitosan/carrageenan@clove oil beads was (31.25 µg ml-1 ) which exhibited promising antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), and was significantly higher than chitosan/carrageenan without clove oil, where antiviral activity was 82.94% and 57.64%, respectively. Eventually, docking study and computational calculation have been used to show the reactivity of the molecules. CONCLUSIONS: The developed chitosan/carrageenan@clove oil beads have shown promising properties to be used as carriers of drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.

Ecofriendly novel synthesis of tertiary composite based on cellulose and myco-synthesized selenium nanoparticles: Characterization, antibiofilm and biocompatibility.

Microbial infections are considered common and dangerous for humans among other infections; therefore the synthesis of high efficacy antimicrobial and anti-biofilm composites is continuous to fight microbial resistance. In our study, a new and novel tertiary composite (TC) was synthesized, it composed of TEMPO cellulose (TOC), chitosan, starch, and myco-synthesized Se-NPs. Myco-synthesized Se-NPs and TC were fully characterized using UV, FT-IR, XRD, SEM with EDX, particle distribution, and mapping. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) were effectively established for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. The possible impact of myco-synthesized novel cellulose-based selenium nanoparticles tertiary composite on the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Candida albicans was evaluated in this study. TC exhibited constant biofilm inhibition against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans, while the results obtained from cytotoxicity of Se-NPs and TC showed that, alteration occurred in the normal cell line of lung fibroblast cells (Wi-38) was shown as loss of their typical cell shape, granulation, loss of monolayer, shrinking or rounding of Wi-38 cell with an IC50 value of where 461 and 550 ppm respectively.

Biomedical Applications of Mycosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles Using Penicillium expansum ATTC 36200.

In this study, green and eco-friendly biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) were performed using Penicillium expansum ATTC 36200 for multiple biomedical applications. Mycosynthesized Se-NPs were completely characterized using UV, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques. Se-NPs biosynthesized by P. expansum was characterized as a spherical shape with average size 4 to 12.7 nm. Moreover, Se-NPs were evaluated for multiple biomedical applications as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities and hemocompatibility. Results illustrated that Se-NPs have potential antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis ATCC6051 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC23235), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC8739and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027), fungi (Candida albicans ATCC90028, Aspergillus niger RCMB 02724 and Aspergillus fumigatus RCMB 02568), and antioxidant activity. Additionally, Se-NPs exhibited anticancer activity against PC3 cell line; IC50 was 99.25 µg/mL. Meanwhile, they showed non-hemolytic activity on human RBCs at concentration up to 250 µg/mL. In conclusion, biosynthetic Se-NPs by P. expansum are promising for many safe-use biomedical applications.