Lived Experiences of Iranian Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Background: Autism is a lifelong condition that seriously affects many aspects of children's and families' lives. The experience attained by living with a child with autism can be a valuable source of information to provide support and satisfactory services to children with autism and their families. We aimed to investigate the lived experiences of Iranian parents of children with autism. Methods: The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, CINAHL, PsychInfo, SID, and Magiran until Nov 2021. Two reviewers screened the articles, applied inclusion criteria, critically evaluated articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), and extracted study details according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Thematic synthesis was used to analyze included studies. Results: From 2772 articles in the initial search, sixteen studies entered the final analysis. Four themes emerged, including treatment-related lived experience, individual lived experience, social lived experience, and occupational lived experience. Iranian parents of children with autism are confronted with negative experiences, including inaccurate diagnostic processes, lack of adequate support at the diagnosis time, low-quality treatment, psychological problems, and concern about the child's future. Also, Parent's experiences showed family problems, stigma, and problems with doing occupations. Conclusion: Practitioners, policy-makers, and regulatory organizations should urgently consider issues mentioned in the parents' experiences to provide proper healthcare services for children with autism and their families.

Uncommon manifestation of poisoning with a mixture of pesticides.

The ingestion of pesticides for suicide commitment purposes is common in developing countries. We present a case of suicide with ingestion of mixed pesticides. The autopsy findings showed the presence of diazinon, chlorpyrifos, trifluralin, fenpropathrin, pyriproxyfen, and cypermethrin in his body. Clinicians managing poisoning cases need to be aware of poisoning with mixture of pesticides as a rare but highly fatal outcome.

A rare presentation of hydatid cyst, involvement of uncommon sites with sparing of typical locations.

Hydatid cyst (HC) is a serious health problem in endemic areas. Liver and lung are the most common involved organs while the involvement of muscles, heart, kidney, brain, and spleen is rare. The involvement of these rare locations for HC is mostly in association with infestation of common sites. We report a case of 43-year-old man with a history of surgery of HC in brain and heart who complained from chest pain. In imaging modalities, three cystic lesions were seen in heart and kidney which were confirmed to be recurrence of HC by serologic tests. However, no evidence of involvement of liver and lungs as the most common infected organs of HC was seen in recent and previous imaging mo®dalities. The patient refused another surgery and just accepted anthelmintic drugs. The practical point of this case report is that when we see any cystic lesion in imaging modalities in uncommon sites for HC, while common sites are spare, we should still consider the possibility of HC and not rule out it just because of lack of simultaneous infestation of its common involved organs.

Myocardial infarction without coronary artery occlusion following mental stress.

Myocardial infarction (MI) with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is syndrome with clinical evidence of acute MI (AMI) with normal coronary arteries. This study reports the case of a 23-year-old single woman referring to the hospital with clinical manifestations of MI, with electrocardiography findings of slow ventricular tachycardia or accelerated idioventricular rhythm and atrioventricular dissociation, and high troponin levels, which was admitted with the diagnosis of MINOCA due to mental stress (grief) and was discharged after 4 days of monitoring and following stabilization of conditions and absence of symptoms. Other causes of MINOCA ruled out through imaging studies. Mental stress can lead to MINOCA.

Splenic vein enlargement, a rare cause of nutcracker syndrome.

Abnormal enlargement of the splenic vein is one of the etiologies of nutcracker syndrome that should be considered when examining the causes of this syndrome. Because knowing rare etiologies can help correct diagnose and reduce mortality.

Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavioral Change: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Transtheoretical model (TTM) is one of the most commonly used methods in behavioral change modeling. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review (SR) to determine research gaps with regard to this template with an emphasis on intervention for patients with chronic diseases (CDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: ISI-WOS, Scopus, PubMed, SID, and Magiran databases were examined systematically and on the basis of defined criteria. Titles, abstracts, and full texts of articles retrieved were examined for the presence of defined criteria. Then finalized articles were analyzed in consensus meetings. After that, references of selected articles and full text of those meeting the criteria were also analyzed. RESULTS: We screened 103 articles, excluded 27 in abstract review and 34 in full-text review, leaving 42 articles for critical appraisal. Then the references of these 42 articles were also screened. Fifty articles were excluded on abstract review and 5 on full-text review, leaving 15 articles. The result of the analysis of 57 final articles of this SR determined that 28 articles were about aspects of TTM and 5 stages of change were the most commonly used aspect. Eight articles used TTM in intervention about CDs. A total of 21 articles examined TTM's pros and cons, most of which were about TTM's pros. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of studies focused on the effectiveness of TTM on the behavioral change management. This finding supported the hypothesis that TTM can be applied in the prevention of CDs.

The effect of nutrition education course on awareness of obese and overweight female 1st-year High School students of Isfahan based on transtheoretical model of behavioral change.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Today, the problem of obesity is a chronic condition that affects all age groups in developed and developing countries. Since adolescence is a transitional period and behavioral patterns formed in this period affect people in their adult years, attention to obesity and extra weight in this age group is more important than other groups. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of nutrition education course on awareness of female 1st-year high school students of Isfahan based on transtheoretical model ( TTM) of behavioral change. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this semi-empirical study, 64 female 1st-year high school students with weight problem were selected using nonpercent stratified sampling and divided into two control and test groups. Data gathering was carried out using researcher-made nutrition awareness and stages of change questionnaire whose validity and reliability was confirmed. Participants in the test group participated in a 2-month education with sessions every 2 weeks and received one brochure and 3 educational massages each week. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The results showed that the average nutrition awareness score of students in test group was significantly higher than control group after intervention. Students in test group were also in higher stages of change compared to control group after intervention. CONCLUSION: The results show that TTM was effective in changing nutritional behavior in students.