Conceptualised psycho-medical footprint for health status outcomes and the potential impacts for early detection and prevention of chronic diseases in the context of 3P medicine.

Background: The Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25) is a distinctive medical psychometric diagnostic tool designed for the early detection of chronic diseases. However, the synaptic connections between the 25 symptomatic items and their relevance in supporting the monitoring of suboptimal health outcomes, which are precursors for chronic diseases, have not been thoroughly evaluated within the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine (PPPM/3PM). This baseline study explores the internal structure of the SHSQ-25 and demonstrates its discriminatory power to predict optimal and suboptimal health status (SHS) and develop photogenic representations of their distinct relationship patterns. Methods: The cross-sectional study involved healthy Ghanaian participants (n = 217; aged 30-80 years; ~ 61% female), who responded to the SHSQ-25. The median SHS score was used to categorise the population into optimal and SHS. Graphical LASSO model and multi-dimensional scaling configuration methods were employed to describe the network structures for the two populations. Results: We observed differences in the structural, node placement and node distance of the synaptic networks for the optimal and suboptimal populations. A statistically significant variance in connectivity levels was noted between the optimal (58 non-zero edges) and suboptimal (43 non-zero edges) networks (p = 0.024). Fatigue emerged as a prominently central subclinical condition within the suboptimal population, whilst the cardiovascular system domain had the greatest relevance for the optimal population. The contrast in connectivity levels and the divergent prominence of specific subclinical conditions across domain networks shed light on potential health distinctions. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the feasibility of creating dynamic visualizers of the evolutionary trends in the relationships between the domains of SHSQ-25 relative to health status outcomes. This will provide in-depth comprehension of the conceptual model to inform personalised strategies to circumvent SHS. Additionally, the findings have implications for both health care and disease prevention because at-risk individuals can be predicted and prioritised for monitoring, and targeted intervention can begin before their symptoms reach an irreversible stage. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-023-00344-2.

Sectional Anatomy Quiz-IΧ.

This series lists a pictorial quiz pertaining to identification of normal and abnormal anatomical structures and landmarks at a given level on computed tomography (CT). Readers are expected to identify and appreciate the changes from normal anatomy and variations of a given pathology. The main structures assessed in this quiz are the pons, ventricular system of the brain, and the basal cisterns. Particular emphasis is placed on the presentations of intra-cranial haemorrhages, particularly sub-arachnoid and epidural haemorrhages, and masses around the region of the pons, midbrain and cerebellum. There is also a question pertaining to increased intracranial pressure. Differential diagnoses are also given where necessary to guide clinical practice and further learning. A Points to remember section details key clinical pearls. Furthermore, key resources have been cited as recommendations for further reading. It is anticipated that this series will enhance the understanding of sectional anatomy of the brain to aid in brain CT interpretation.

Sectional Anatomy Quiz - VIII.

This series lists a pictorial quiz pertaining to identification of normal and abnormal anatomical structures and landmarks at a given level on computed tomography (CT). Readers are expected to identify and appreciate the changes from normal anatomy and variations of a given pathology. It is anticipated that this series will enhance the understanding of sectional anatomy of the brain to aid in brain CT interpretation.

Sectional Anatomy Quiz - VII.

This series involves a quiz pertaining to the identification of key anatomical landmarks and normal structures present at a given level on the computed tomography (CT) image. The current quiz demonstrates examples of normal and abnormal axial CT images at the level of origin of the coeliac artery. The representative image is subsequently followed by further images demonstrating various commonly encountered pathologies found at this level in clinical practice. In each image, readers are expected to identify highlighted anatomical structures and appreciate how given pathologies can alter the appearance of normal structures. This series aims to advance understanding of sectional anatomy and aid nuclear physicians in the interpretation of the CT component of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies.

Sectional Anatomy Quiz - VI.

This quiz is part of a series which aims to aid nuclear physicians in interpreting the computed tomography (CT) component of the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies. The current quiz includes normal and pathological axial CT images at the level of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV). The SMV is normally located to the right of the SMA and is of a larger caliber. Various pathologies such as malignancy, infection or vascular disease can alter the position and/or appearance of the SMA, SMV and the surrounding anatomical structures present at this level. Understanding how normal anatomy is altered by pathology at this level will facilitate improved interpretation of abdominal CT images.

Sectional Anatomy Quiz - V.

  In this series a pictorial quiz pertaining to identification of normal anatomical structures and landmarks at a given level on the computed tomography (CT) is presented. An image depicting normal anatomy is followed by a series of images showing different pathologies. Readers are expected to identify and appreciate variation and changes in the normal anatomy in presence of a given pathology. The series is intended to enhance understanding of sectional anatomy thus aiding interpretation of the CT component of the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies.

Sectional Anatomy Quiz - IV.

In this series we present a quiz about identification of salient and important anatomical landmarks present at a given level on the computed tomography (CT) image. The representative image is followed by further images showing examples of various commonly encountered pathologies that can be seen at this level in clinical practice. Readers are expected to identify highlighted structures in all the images and appreciate how a given abnormality can alter the appearance of normal structures. The aim of this series is to foster understanding and interpretation of the CT component of the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies help nuclear physicians in interpretation by the nuclear medicine professionals.

Sectional Anatomy Quiz - III.

This series comprises of a quiz pertaining to the identification of salient and important anatomical structures and landmarks expected to be seen at a given level on the computed tomography (CT) image. The representative image is followed by a series of images showing examples of different commonly encountered pathological entities that can be seen at this level in a routine clinical practice. Readers are encouraged to identify highlighted anatomical structures and landmarks in all the images and appreciate how a given abnormality can alter the appearance of normal structures. It is expected that this series will help nuclear physicians in interpretation of the CT component of the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies.

Sectional Anatomy Quiz II.

This mage-based series comprises of a quiz pertaining to the identification of salient and important anatomical structures and landmarks expected to be seen at a given level on the computed tomography (CT). The representative image is followed by a series of images showing the examples of different commonly encountered pathological entities that can be seen at this level in a routine clinical practice. Readers are encouraged to identify the highlighted anatomical structures and landmarks in all the images and appreciate the alterations in the appearance of the normal structures resulting from the presence of a pathology. It is expected that this series will assist in improving the confidence of the nuclear physicians in the interpretation of the CT component of the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies.

Sectional Anatomy Quiz.

This image based series comprises of a quiz pertaining to the identification of salient anatomical structures expected to be seen at a given level on the computed tomography (CT) followed by examples of multiple representative pathologies that can be seen at the same level in a routine clinical setting. It is expected that this will improve confidence of nuclear physicians in interpretation of the CT component of the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies.

The Value of Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Herniation Pits.

The potential role of the nuclear medicine diagnostic bone scan in identifying herniation pits of the femoral neck is yet to be adequately described. The following cases show incidental findings of subcortical cavities of the femoral neck detected on bone scans. These findings highlight the potential role of the bone scan as a useful imaging modality in identifying and stratifying herniation pits based on physiology, particularly with the addition of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography to the armamentarium.

Single-photon Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Delineation of Freiberg Infraction.

The role of nuclear medicine diagnostic bone scanning is well established and the influence of coregistration between single-photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography well documented. This case provides an insight into a less frequently encountered pathology in which the combination of single-photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography permitted the differentiation of potential pathology.

Tampon Appearance on Bone Scan Imaging: Case Report.

The role of a nuclear medicine diagnostic bone scan is well established and the influence of potential artifacts well documented. This case provides an insight into an unusual artifact associated with a tampon in situ and highlights the clinical relevance of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging in differentiating uncommon artifacts from potential pelvic pathology.

Hormone therapy in prostate cancer.

The role of nuclear medicine diagnostic bone scanning is well established in prostate cancer. This case provides an insight into the specific role that bone scanning plays in monitoring response to hormone therapy and an example of significant global skeletal response. The case highlights the remarkable efficacy of timely hormone therapy in high-grade prostate cancer with widespread bony metastasis. In addition, the range of hormone therapy currently available for clinical application in the management of metastatic prostate cancer is detailed. Finally, the case represents an incidental diagnosis of prostate cancer after evaluation of nonspecific symptoms.

The long-term effectiveness of steroid injections in primary acromioclavicular joint arthritis: a five-year prospective study.

We evaluated the long-term benefits of steroid injection in 25 shoulders in 20 consecutive patients (average age, 55 years) with primary acromioclavicular arthritis. Minimum follow-up was 5 years. The mean preinjection Constant score (61 points) improved at 6 months to 81 points, (mean difference, 19.36; P < .01). Improvement at 12 months (mean, 86 points) was also significant vs the 6-month score (P = .001). The mean score at 5 years (81 points) was a significant deterioration vs the 12-month score (P = .01) but still a significant improvement vs the preinjection scores (P < .0005). Younger patients had greater improvement in the objective score (range of movement and power; r = -0.47; P = .01), as did women (r = 0.405; P = .05). Local steroid injection is an effective treatment for primary isolated acromioclavicular arthritis. Improvement continues for at least 12 months. The benefit is felt up to 5 years. Pain relief tends to diminish long-term.

Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head: magnetic resonance imaging findings correlated with micro-computed tomography and histopathology.

We described magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head without collapse in which micro-computed tomography (CT) and histopathologic studies were performed. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a subchondral low-signal intensity band, which corresponded to the fracture callus. Diffuse bone marrow edema with contrast enhancement effect was seen in both the proximal and distal segments of the low-signal intensity band. These features are distinct from those of avascular necrosis.

Interpretation of normal anatomic structures on chest radiography: comparison of Fuji computed radiography (FCR) 5501D with FCR 5000 and screen-film system.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) 5501D by comparing it with FCR 5000 and a screen-film system (S/F). Posteroanterior chest radiographs of ten patients with no abnormality on chest CT scans were obtained with FCR 5501D, FCR 5000, and S/F. Six observers (three radiologists and three radio-technologists) evaluated the visibility of nine normal anatomic structures (including lungs, soft tissue, and bones) and overall visibility on each image. Observers scored using a five-point scale on each structure. FCR 5000 showed a significantly higher score in soft tissue and bone structures, and overall visibility compared with S/F, but, there was no significant difference between them in the visibility of all four normal lung structures. Compared with S/F, the score for FCR 5501D was higher in eight of the nine normal structures, including three of the four lung structures (unobscured lung, retrocardiac lung, and subdiaphragmatic lung), and overall visibility. Compared with FCR 5000, the score for FCR 5501D was higher in three normal structures, including two of the four lung structures (unobscured lung and subdiaphragmatic lung), and overall visibility. FCR 5501D was the best among the three techniques to visualize normal anatomic structures, particularly the obscured and unobscured lung.