Retraction Note to: Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle and sheep northeast of Iran.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0576-6.].

Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle and sheep northeast of Iran.

A survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle and sheep north of Iran. The aim of study was to determine the prevalence of hard ticks on cattle and sheep in the mountainous areas of Golestan province and their geographical distribution. A total of 26 ticks were collected from 22 infested cattle and 26 ticks were collected from 12 infested sheep during activating seasons of ticks in 2013-2014. The species collected from cattle and sheep were Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum, Rhipicephalus bursa and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The results show that these are dominant tick species in the surveyed area.

Clinical and cytological characteristics and prognostic implications on sheep and goat Theileria infection in north of Iran.

The present research was carried out during 3 months from early June through late August, in northern zones of Iran. In addition, the present study was performed on 300 sheep and goats, in which 50 specimens were isolated based on clinical signs, blood smears and lymph node puncture. The results indicated clinical signs of theileriosis in sheep (with more prominent signs) and goats were diagnosable. The reliable clinical signs in sheep and goats included fever, tachycardia, cough, increased respiratory rate, mucosal pallor, anorexia, ruminal hypomotility and lymph node enlargement. Furthermore, the frequency of cough, abnormal pulmonary sounds, anorexia and ruminal hypomotility were significantly more in sheep than goats (P < 0.05).

Prevalence and pathological study of Paramphistomum infection in the small intestine of slaughtered ovine.

Paramphistomiasis, a trematode infectious disease in ruminants, has been neglected but has recently emerged as an important cause of productivity loss. The small intestine of slaughtered sheep was collected weekly from abattoirs (Kermanshah, Sanandaj, Tabriz and Urmia Slaughterhouses) to monitoring the seasonal occurrence of Paramphistomosis, 2,421 sheep carcasses (743 male (30.69 %) and 1,678 female (69.31 %)) were examined, out of which 0.041 % were positive for Paramphistomum infestation. Furthermore, upon evaluation Paramphistomum termatodes, Gastrothylax crumenifer and Cotylophoron detected as well. Overall, the small intestinal infestation by such parasite was 0.041 % which contained hyperemia, severe congestion and haemorrhage. The highest infection in the sheep infected with Paramphistomum spp. was found during the summer (July to August) (6.7, 2 %) and followed by the autumn seasons (November to October) (3.8, 2.3 %). Microscopic study of the small intestine revealed dilatation of intestinal glands, destruction of superficial glands, replacement of fibrin, diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrinonecrotic enteritis. Other changes as congestion hemorrhage and nodules of Ostertagia were observed in total examination of small intestines. According to statistical analysis by SPSS software and Chi square test revealed that there is significant difference between pathologic changes, seasons and ecological situations of the region (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between age, gender and sample pH of examined sheep (p > 0.05).According to the results of pathologic changes of sheep small intestines, preventive measurements in the area should be taken to decrease the damages, so applying a parasitic control program is recommended.

Evaluation of two Iranian domestic ovine breeds for their pathological findings to gastrointestinal infection of Haemonchus contortus.

The generally warm, moist environmental conditions in the Northwestern Iran are ideal for survival and growth of the egg and larval stages of Haemonchus contortus and other gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of sheep and goats.A total of 2,421 animals were slaughtered and examined from July 2010 to July 2011 in Urmia abattoir. In case of sheep, 225 out of 2,421 were positive and prevalence of H. contortus infestation was 9.3 %. Sex wise prevalence of H. contortus in sheep was 33.08 % (76/229) in male and 66.22 % (149/225) in female. The females indicated significantly (P < 0.05) higher prevalence (66.22 %) as compared to males (33.08 %). The highest prevalence was recorded in the spring (April) and the lowest was in summer (July), respectively. On microscopic examination, infiltration of mononuclear cells and eosinophils in gastric glands, periglandular hyperemia and hemorrhage, mucous gland hyperplasia, connective tissue proliferation and necrosis was observed. Also, in mixed abomasal infection with Haemonchus and Ostertagia species, mucosal hyperplasia and increased mucous glands and sometimes cystic glands were seen. Statistical analysis using SPSS software, and Chi-square test, demonstrated a non-significant difference between ages and abomasal PH values of infected and healthy sheep (P < 0.05). But the difference between sexes, seasons and abomasal lesions was significant (P > 0.05).

A new report on the occurrence of clinico-histopathological diagnostic criteria for Spinodiplotriaena.

Parasitic diseases of wild birds follows its companion volume, infectious diseases of wild birds, both of which complement the third edition of infectious diseases of wild mammals and second edition of parasitic diseases of wild mammals. In October 2012, a mature black male mynah with lack of balance and ataxia was brought into the birds department of educational hospital in veterinary medicine faculty of Tehran University. Because of no cure in clinical signs after several days of empirical therapy euthanasia and clinical pathology studies were performed. There was no microscopic pathological lesions in brain, bone marrow, heart, lung, liver and the microscopic results were as following; bone marrow: hemophagocytosis reactive macrophages, liver: infiltration of inflammatory cells (hepatitis) and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Lung: hemosiderin-laden macrophages and spleen findings: infiltration of inflammatory cells, heterophils with phagocytic bacteria. In abdominal cavity two male and one female parasite was detect. Three parasites were cleared with lactophenol and investigated under the light microscopy and important morphological parts of them measured. Also these parasites in serum containing send to the department of parasitology. Based on all collecting data, Spinodiplotriaena (three parasites each by the length of 2/5, 1/7 and 1/5 cm were found) were diagnosed. Report of this case in important because of first report of this infection in a black mynah in Iran.

Ulnar malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour diagnosis in a mixed-breed dog as a model to study human: histologic, immunohistochemical, and clinicopathologic study.

Canine Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) are uncommonly reported in the ulnar, since they are underestimated relative to the more common spindle cell tumours of soft tissue. In dogs, MPNST accounts for 27% of nervous system tumours. In man, MPNST represents 5-10% of all soft tissue sarcomas and is often associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1).An 8-year-old, 9 kg, female mixed-breed dog with a subcutaneous mass on the upper right side of the ulnar region was presented to the small animal research and teaching hospital of Tehran University. The dog was anorexic with general weakness. The mass (7 × 4 cm) was removed surgically and processed routinely. Microscopically, the mass was composed of highly cellular areas with a homogeneous population of round or spindle cells, high cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic index and various morphologic patterns. Furthermore, spindle cells arranged in densely or loosely sweeping fascicles, interlacing whorls, or storiform patterns together with wavy cytoplasm, nuclear palisades, and round cells were arranged in sheets or cords with a meshwork of intratumoral nerve fibers. In addition, in this case the presence of neoplastic cells within the blood vessels was observed. Immunohistochemically, tumor was positive for vimentin and S-100 protein. The histopathologic features coupled with the S-100 and vimentin immunoreactivity led to a diagnosis of malignant neurofibroma.To the best of our knowledge, primary ulnar MPNST has not been reported in animals. This is the first documentation of an ulnar malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour in a dog. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1310907815984587.

A report of left dorsal displacement of the large colon in a tropical horse.

We report one such case which was diagnosed intraoperatively as left dorsal colon volvulus due to multiple mesenteric abnormalities. A 17-year-old castrated male horse was taken to the Tehran University Veterinary Hospital for treatment of metacarpal wound accompanied by severe abdominal distension and acute colic. The treatment and measurement were taken for a month, and the prepared biopsy indicated that the healing trend was obvious. Unfortunately, prior to discharge, the clinical colic manifestations emerged and the animal suddenly died. Dilated large intestine was palpated per rectum and a ventral midline exploratory laparotomy was performed, a complete volvulus of the ascending colon was identified with multiple mesenteric anomalies of unknown aetiology. The pathologic changes observed in this study accurately reflect those changes reported in horse with naturally occurring colonic volvulus and can serve as a reference for subsequent studies on attenuating bowel injury. The present study results can be used to make a scientific assessment of prognosis in the pre-operative, operative, and post-operative management of horses with large colon volvulus.