Abnormal High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein is Associated with an Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Renal Dysfunction among Patients Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Palestine.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as an inflammatory mediator and its association with renal function and other biochemical markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study at private healthcare center. We included 453 patients (48.6% males and 51.4% females) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We obtained socio- demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from patient medical records. We carried out statistical analysis to ascertain associations between parameters. RESULTS: The overall risk of cardiovascular disease (hsCRP > 1 mg/L) among the study participants was 27.2%. Age, gender, body mass index, fasting blood glucose and serum creatinine were significantly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (hsCRP > 1 mg/L) whereas estimated glomerular filtration rate, vitamin B12, calcium, sodium and metformin users were negatively associated with the hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant positive association of elevated level of C-reactive protein with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, additional to increased cardiovascular disease risk, hsCRP also seems to be a major inflammatory risk marker indicating renal function loss.

Assessment of kidney function and associated risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients.

AIM: diabetic patients are required for continuous monitoring programs hence continuous assessment of kidney function parameters is crucial. So, we aimed to determine the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and abnormal renal parameters, with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus pateints MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at private health care centre. A total of 300 diabetic patients aged 18 years and above attended the clinic from February 2018 to Dec 2018 were included. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from the medical records of patients. Statistical analysis was carried out using (SPSS, version 23). RESULTS: out of the 300 diabetes patients recruited 42% of patients with type 2 diabetes had abnormal Creatinine Serum levels and 22.3% had abnormal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Abnormal albumin urine levels were found in 28.3% and 11.3% had abnormal creatinine in urine. Abnormal Albumin: Creatinine Ratios (Alb/Cr), were found in 23%. Of the total, 77% (n = 231) had normal Alb: Cr Ratio, 20% had risk of nephropathy and 9% had nephropathy. CONCLUSION: Current study revealed a high prevalence of abnormal renal parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus. This necessitates the need for early and universal screening of renal functions. There is also an urgent demand for measures that target tight glycaemic, Vitamin D level and life style modifications is also required to all diabetic patients to achieve target value of HbA1C ≤ 7.