The transcript level of long non-coding RNAs; MALAT1 and TUG1, and the association with metabolic syndrome-related parameters in women with overweight and obesity.

Background: Recent studies have addressed the possible role of long non-coding RNAs (lnc-RNAs), Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1), and Taurine Upregulated Gene 1 (TUG1), in modulating the underlying mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. However, studies are limited and contradictory. Hence, we sought to investigate the relationship of the transcript level of these two lnc-RNAs with metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related parameters in women with obesity and overweight. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 342 women with obese and overweight. We conducted assessments encompassing anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, lipid profile analysis, insulin levels, HOMA-IR index, and liver enzyme profiling. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate transcript levels of MALAT1 and TUG1. Also, a 147-question semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to evaluate food intake and physical activity, respectively. Results: There was a significant association between FBS and MALAT1 transcript level (ß: 0.382; 95% CI: 0.124, 0.640; P = 0.004). Also, there was a significant association between triglyceride (TG) and MALAT1 transcript level (ß: 4.767; 95% CI: 2.803, 6.731; P < 0.0001). After adjusting for age, BMI, energy intake, and physical activity, an inverse significant association was observed between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and MALAT1 transcript level (ß: -0.325; 95% CI: -0.644, -0.006; P = 0.046). Conclusions: Our findings indicated positive associations between mRNA levels of MALAT1 and MetS-related parameters, including FBG, TG, HDL, and systolic blood pressure in overweight and obese women. However, large prospective studies are needed to further establish this concept. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01367-2.

The association between cholesterol/saturated fat index (CSI) and quality of sleep, and circadian rhythm among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The decline in sleep quality is one of the main public health problems affecting the global population. Some studies have shown that a high-fat diet may be linked to changes in circadian rhythm and sleep quality. The cholesterol/saturated fatty acid index (CSI) determines the amount of cholesterol and saturated fatty acid (SFA) in people's dietary patterns and can affect the quality of sleep and circadian rhythm. However, to date, no studies have investigated the effect of this index on these two variables. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the relationship between CSI on circadian rhythm and sleep quality in obese and overweight women. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 378 adult women who were obese or overweight. Using accepted techniques, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure readings, and biochemical variables were evaluated. A validated and trustworthy semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ 147 items) was used to gauge dietary intake. The CSI was measured to find out how much cholesterol and saturated fats were in the diet. Additionally, to assess circadian rhythm and sleep quality, respectively, the valid morning-evening questionnaire (MEQ) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaires were utilized. RESULT: The results of the multinomial logistic regression model of our analysis showed that a significant association was observed between circadian rhythm status with CSI score, and participants with one higher unit of CSI had a 7.3% more chance of being in the eveningness group than being in morningness category in the crude model (OR: 1.07; 95% CI 1.00, 1.14; P = 0.026). This association remains marginally significant when adjusting for age, energy intake, BMI, job status, thyroid, and smoking status (OR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.00, 1.16; P = 0.051). The binary logistic regression model showed that after controlling for potentially confounding variables, there was no significant association between sleep quality with CSI score, however, those with one higher unit of CSI had 1.6% more chance of having sleep problems (OR: 1.01; 95% CI 0.96, 1.06; P = 0.503). CONCLUSION: Our results indicated a direct marginally significant association between CSI with evening type in overweight and obese women. Future studies are needed to clarify the precise link between circadian rhythm and sleep behavior with fatty acid quality index.

Selenium Status after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Interventions and Recommendations.

BACKGROUND: Selenium is an essential element that plays a vital role in maintaining human health and its deficiency can lead to cardiovascular and hypothyroidism complications. In this context, the main concern is about morbidly obese patients who undergo a Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). Although RYGB leads to 60-70% excess weight loss, micronutrient deficiencies are common after this procedure and can be problematic if not promptly detected. This review will therefore examine the evidence regarding selenium deficiency in RYGB patients, as well its nutritional treatment methods. METHODS: There were a total of 6 studies regarding RYGB and selenium deficiency, which were retrieved from PUBMED and SCOPUS electronic databases, ranging from 2006 to 2017. CONCLUSION: Selenium deficiency was observed before and after RYGB. Lifelong supplementation and regular patient monitoring after surgery are recommended.