HIV Prevalence Among Hospitalized Patients at the Main Psychiatric Referral Hospital in Botswana.

We examined HIV prevalence among patients 18-49 year olds admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Botswana in 2011 and 2012. The retrospective study analyzed females (F) and males (M) separately, comparing proportions with Chi square test and continuous variables with Wilcoxon rank-sum test, assessing significance at the 5% level. HIV seroprevalence among hospitalized psychiatric patients was much more common among females (53%) compared with males (19%) (p < 0.001). These women also appeared more vulnerable to infection compared with females in the general population (29%) (p < 0.017). Among both women and men, HIV-infection appeared most common among patients with organic mental disorders (F:68%, M:41%) and neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders (F:68%, M:42%). The largest proportion of HIV infections co-occurred among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizotypal and other psychotic disorders (F:48%; M:55%), mood (affective) disorders (F:21%; M:16%) and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F:16%; M:20%). Interventions addressing both mental health and HIV among women and men require development.

Diagnostic profiles and predictors of treatment outcome among children and adolescents attending a national psychiatric hospital in Botswana.

BACKGROUND: Attention is currently being drawn to child psychiatric care, most especially in the developed countries. This type of care is still rudimentary in the developing countries. Botswana is one of the African countries with good health care services but mental illness is given the low priority. Child and adolescent mental health care (CAMHC) is almost non-existent likely due to the dearth of research which would drive a policy change in this direction. Hence the need for this research as a step towards establishing a well-structured CAMHC. OBJECTIVES: To determine the pattern of presentation of child psychiatric disorders and the predictors of poor treatment outcome in the national psychiatric hospital in Botswana. METHODS: This is a retrospective investigation comprising patients aged ≤17 years, consulting Sbrana Psychiatric Hospital over a 5-year period. It involves extraction of information from 238 patients' records on socio-demographic characteristics, diagnosis and management. RESULTS: The most common diagnosis was Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with a prevalence of 25.2%. ADHD (60%) and Autism (58.3%) were more diagnosed in 5-9 years, whilst psychosis (80%) and depression (88.9%) amongst 14-17 years. Perinatal complication (OR 7.326, 95% CI: 1.312-40.899) and polypharmacy (OR 4.188, 95% CI: 1.174-14.939) independently predicted poor treatment outcome, after logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided baseline information regarding children mental health in Botswana. It highlights the need for further research and to develop more specialized mental health care services for improved outcomes in children with mental health disorders.