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1.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 156(10): 489-97, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25273870

RESUMO

The present study was undertaken to provide computed tomographic (CT) reference values for structures in the thorax of the calf. Six clinically healthy Holstein-Friesian calves were anaesthetized. Transverse pre- and postcontrast images with a reconstructed 1.5-mm slice thickness were obtained using a multislice-CT scanner at 6 different time points from birth to 105 days of age. Absolute and relative measurements of the trachea, heart, cranial and caudal vena cava, thoracic aorta, right and left principal bronchi, right and left caudal lobar bronchi and the accompanying branches of the right and left pulmonary artery and vein, thoracic lymph nodes and lung density were taken for every time point. All animals were euthanized after the last CT scan, and 4 calves were frozen to generate an atlas comparing gross anatomy with CT. During the study, 4 animals temporarily showed coughing and mucopurulent nasal discharge, and mild to moderate bronchopneumonia and pleuritis were diagnosed using CT. Animals recovered with treatment; however, mild to moderate CT changes remained throughout the study. Even in the 2 clinically normal animals, mild bronchopneumonia was diagnosed on CT.


Dans ce travail, on a relevé les valeurs normales de tomodensitométrie pour les structures thoraciques de veaux. Six veaux holstein-friesian en bonne santé ont pour cela été examinés sous narcose à six reprises, de leur naissance à l'âge de 105 jours, au moyen d'un scanner multi-barrettes sous forme native et en angiographie. On a reconstruit des images avec une épaisseur de coupe de 1.5 mm. On a effectué à chaque fois des mesures absolues et relatives du cœur, de la trachée, de l'aorte thoracique, de la veine cave crâniale et caudale, des bronches principales, des bronches lobaires avec les rameaux des artères et des veines pulmonaires, des ganglions lymphatiques ainsi que de la densité pulmonaire. Tous les animaux ont été euthanasiés à l'issue du sixième examen et quatre d'entre eux ont été congelés pour permettre une comparaison entre les images obtenues et des coupes anatomiques. Durant l'étude, quatre veaux ont présenté de la toux et un écoulement nasal. La tomodensitométrie a permis de diagnostiquer une bronchopneumonie légère à moyenne ainsi qu'une pleurésie. Bien que les animaux aient, après traitement, complètement guéri, des modifications légères à moyennes des images tomodensitométriques ont persistés jusqu'à la fin de l'étude. Une légère broncho-pneumonie a même été diagnostiquée chez les deux animaux ne présentant pas de symptômes cliniques.


Assuntos
Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Tórax/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Radiografia Torácica/veterinária , Valores de Referência , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária
2.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 156(5): 217-25, 2014 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24794235

RESUMO

Computed tomographic (CT) images of the reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum of five healthy Holstein-Friesian bull calves were compared with anatomical transverse cadaver sections of the same calves. The calves were scanned in the transverse plane from the 5th thoracic vertebra to the sacrum six times three weeks apart from birth to 105 days of age. Multiplanar reconstruction was used to create images in sagittal and dorsal planes. After subjective assessment of various anatomical structures, the rumen, omasum and abomasum as well as the ruminal strata (gas cap, fibre mat and fluid phase) were measured. After the last CT scan, all calves were euthanised, and four were kept at -18 °C in sternal position for 14 days. Transverse sections 1.0 to 1.5 cm thick were made from two calves and dorsal and sagittal sections were made from one calf each using a band saw. The CT images and anatomical slices were compared and the structures on the CT images identified. Very clear CT images were obtained from the reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum and there was excellent agreement between images and anatomical slices.


Dans le présent travail, on décrit les constatations tomodensitométriques sur la panse, le bonnet, le feuillet et la caillette de 5 veaux mâles en bonne santé dans les 105 premiers jours de vie et on les compare avec les résultats des examens post-mortem. Les veaux ont été examinés au total 6 fois par tomodensitométrie à intervalle de 3 semaines. L'examen a été réalisé par coupes transversales de la 5ème vertèbre thoracale jusqu'au sacrum. On a également reconstitué les structures dans les plans sagittal et dorsal au moyen de reconstruction multi planaires. Après l'examen subjectif, on a défini diverses structures, comme l'extension de la panse, du feuillet et de la caillette et celle des phases gazeuses, liquides et solides de l'ingestat de la panse. Tous les veaux ont été euthanasiés après les examens tomodensitométriques. Quatre d'entre eux ont été congelés durant 14 jours en position sternale à -18 °C. Deux veaux ont ensuite été sciés transversalement en tranches de 1.0 à 1.5 cm d'épaisseur. Un veau a été scié en tranches dorsales et un en tranches sagittales. Les coupes ont été comparées aux images tomodensitométriques afin d'identifier les structures visualisées. Le bonnet, la panse, le feuillet et la caillette ont pu être visualisés de façon exacte par tomodensitométrie. La topographie des images tomodensitométriques et des coupes anatomiques correspondent très bien.


Assuntos
Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Estômago de Ruminante/anatomia & histologia , Estômago de Ruminante/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária , Animais , Masculino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos
3.
Equine Vet J ; 45(2): 204-8, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22853551

RESUMO

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Dexmedetomidine has been administered in the equine as a constant-rate infusion (CRI) during inhalation anaesthesia, preserving optimal cardiopulmonary function with calm and coordinated recoveries. Inhalant anaesthetic sparing effects have been demonstrated in other species, but not in horses. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of a CRI of dexmedetomidine on the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in ponies. METHODS: Six healthy adult ponies were involved in this prospective, randomised, crossover, blinded, experimental study. Each pony was anaesthetised twice (3 weeks washout period). After induction with sevoflurane in oxygen (via nasotracheal tube), the ponies were positioned on a surgical table (T0), and anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane (expired sevoflurane fraction 2.5%) in 55% oxygen. The ponies were randomly allocated to treatment D (dexmedetomidine 3.5 µg/kg bwt i.v. [T10-T15] followed by a CRI of dexmedetomidine at 1.75 µg/kg bwt/h) or treatment S (bolus and CRI of saline at the same volume and rate as treatment D). After T60, MAC determination, using a classic bracketing technique, was initiated. Stimuli consisted of constant-current electrical stimuli at the skin of the lateral pastern region. Triplicate MAC estimations were obtained and averaged in each pony. Monitoring included pulse oximetry, electrocardiography, anaesthetic gas monitoring, arterial blood pressure measurement and arterial blood gases. Normocapnia was maintained by mechanical ventilation. Analysis of variance (treatment and period as fixed factors) was used to detect differences between treatments (α= 0.05). RESULTS: An intravenous (i.v.) dexmedetomidine CRI decreased mean ± s.d. sevoflurane MAC from 2.42 ± 0.55 to 1.07 ± 0.21% (mean MAC reduction 53 ± 15%). CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: A dexmedetomidine CRI at the reported dose significantly reduces the MAC of sevoflurane.


Assuntos
Analgésicos não Narcóticos/farmacocinética , Anestésicos Inalatórios/farmacocinética , Dexmedetomidina/farmacocinética , Cavalos , Éteres Metílicos/farmacocinética , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagem , Animais , Dexmedetomidina/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Interações Medicamentosas , Feminino , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Éteres Metílicos/administração & dosagem , Alvéolos Pulmonares , Sevoflurano
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