RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is an enzyme upregulated by hypoxia during tumour development and progression. This study was conducted to assess if the expression of CAIX in tumour tissue and/or plasma can be a prognostic factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Tissue microarrays containing 555 NSCLC tissue samples were generated for quantification of CAIX expression. The plasma level of CAIX was determined by ELISA in 209 of these NSCLC patients and in 58 healthy individuals. The CAIX tissue immunostaining and plasma levels were correlated with clinicopathological factors and patient outcome. RESULTS: CAIX tissue overexpression correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) (P=0.05) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of patients (P=0.002). The CAIX plasma level was significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than in healthy individuals (P<0.001). A high level of CAIX in the plasma of patients was associated with shorter OS (P<0.001) and DSS (P<0.001), mostly in early stage I+II NSCLC. Multivariate Cox analyses revealed that high CAIX tissue expression (P=0.002) was a factor of poor prognosis in patients with resectable NSCLC. In addition, a high CAIX plasma level was an independent variable predicting poor OS (P<0.001) in patients with NSCLC. CONCLUSION: High expression of CAIX in tumour tissue is a predictor of worse survival, and a high CAIX plasma level is an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with NSCLC, in particular in early-stage I+II carcinomas.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/sangue , Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Anidrases Carbônicas/sangue , Anidrases Carbônicas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Anidrase Carbônica IX , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/sangue , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Hipóxia Celular/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangue , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Análise Serial de Tecidos , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is necessary for Kaposi sarcoma (KS) to develop, but whether the tissue viral load is a marker of KS progression is still unclear. Little is known about the level of expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins and of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in KS tumour cells relative to HHV8 expression. We therefore investigated the expression of the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA-1) of HHV8, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bax, Bcl-xL, caspase 3 and HIF-1alphain KS tissue specimens at different stages of the disease. The expression of these proteins was evaluated immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays (TMAs) in tissue specimens from 245 HIV-positive patients at different stages of the disease. Both LANA-1 and HIF-1alpha were expressed in KS biopsies taken at different stages, but their level increased throughout tumour progression. Additionally, the levels of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 were higher in visceral KS lesions compared to levels observed in cutaneous and mucosal KS. This study demonstrates that late tumour stages of KS in tissues from HIV-positive patients are associated with high levels of LANA-1, HIF-1alpha and of the anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Finally, the expression of these proteins can be potentially used as a tissue biomarker in defining patients with a higher risk of disease progression.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/metabolismo , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Sarcoma de Kaposi/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Biópsia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteína de Sequência 1 de Leucemia de Células Mieloides , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sarcoma de Kaposi/patologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/virologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/virologiaRESUMO
Cortactin is an actin-binding Src substrate involved in cell motility and invasion. In this study, we sought to examine the prognostic importance of cortactin protein expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To do so, cortactin and EGF receptor (EGFR) expression was retrospectively evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray composed of 176 HNSCCs with a mean follow-up time of 5 years. Cortactin immunoreactivity was weak to absent in normal epithelial tissue. Overexpression of the protein in 77 out of 176 tumours (44%) was associated with more advanced tumour-node-metastasis stage and higher histologic grade. Cortactin overexpression was associated with significantly increased local recurrence rates (49 vs 28% for high and low expressing carcinomas, respectively), decreased disease-free survival (17 vs 61%), and decreased the 5-year overall survival of (21 vs 58%), independently of the EGFR status. In multivariate analysis, cortactin expression status remained an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Importantly, we identified a subset of patients with cortactin-overexpressing tumours that displayed low EGFR levels and a survival rate that equalled that of patients with tumoral overexpression of both EGFR and cortactin. These findings identify cortactin as a relevant prognostic marker and may have implications for targeted therapies in patients with HNSCC.
