Grasas en la dieta y la salud del corazón: en la búsqueda de la grasa ideal / Dietary fat and heart health: in search of the ideal fat

La mejor manera de evaluar la reacción de una persona a las grasas en la dieta es medir el nivel total de colesterol (TC), la lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL)–colesterol (C) y la lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL)-C. Los lineamientos actuales del Programa nacional de educación sobre el colesterol (NCEP) y de la Asociación Americana del Corazón (AHA) contienen acertadas recomendaciones sobre el consumo de grasas y colesterol. Estas instituciones recomiendan limitar el consumo de grasas de 30 a 40 por ciento en. Normalmente se aconseja eliminar en lo posible ácidos grasos saturados de la dieta. En resumen, la composición de la grasa en la dieta tiene, en efecto, un impacto sustancial sobre el perfil lípido del plasma.

The best way to evaluate the reaction a person has to fats in the diet is to measure cholesterol total level (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (C) and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C.Currents traits of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and of the American Heart Association (AHA), include sound recommendations regarding fats and cholesterol intake. The recommendations made by the above-mentioned institutions are to limit fat intake from 30 to 40 percent in. As a rule, it is advised to eliminate from the diet as much as possible the intake of saturated fatty acids. In summary, the diet's fat composition actually has a significant impact on theplasma lipid profile

Modulation of infant formula fat profile alters the low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio and plasma fatty acid distribution relative to those with breast-feeding.

The effect of breast-feeding was compared with that of two fat-modified milk formulas in 45 infants (15 per group) studied by assessing body weight gain for 4 months and plasma lipids, lipoprotein profiles, fatty acid profiles of plasma and red blood cells, and plasma tocopherol status 3 months after birth. A saturated fat formula with coconut oil/soybean oil (COCO/SOY) had a fatty acid content and polyunsaturated/saturated ratio (P/S, 0.55) comparable with that of human milk fat (P/S, 0.39) and had the same fat energy content (50% kcal). The second formula, with corn oil/soybean oil (CORN/SOY), was highly unsaturated (P/S, 4.6), with only 35% kcal from fat. Energy intake and body weight gain were similar for all groups. Plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid levels were significantly lower (greater than 20% on average) in infants fed the CORN/SOY formula than in infants fed either the COCO/SOY formula or human milk. Infants fed the CORN/SOY formula also had lower (25% to 35%) plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratios. Plasma, red blood cell, and cholesteryl ester fatty acids from infants fed COCO/SOY contained less 18:1 and more 18:2; cholesterol esters in plasma from breast-fed infants had the highest 20:4n-6 levels. Plasma tocopherol levels were higher in infants consuming formulas. The presence of cholesterol in human milk appeared to expand the low-density lipoprotein pool and exert an "unfavorable" increase in the low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio. Thus modulation of infant lipoproteins by changing dietary fat and cholesterol is feasible and in keeping with the known response in adults.