Irreversible brain injury following status epilepticus.

Described here is a patient with medically intractable generalized epilepsy who developed status epilepticus (SE) affecting his right cerebral hemisphere for about 48 hours, which led to irreversible injury to that hemisphere. His partial SE did not respond to the first-line therapies, repeated doses of midazolam, or continuous intravenous infusion of propofol. Extensive investigations failed to find a cause of his SE except for a low serum valproic acid. A minor trauma that he suffered 1 week prior to his SE was of questionable significance. Neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging all demonstrated striking abnormalities limited to the affected cerebral hemisphere that did not resolve with repeated testing. This case illustrates permanent focal brain injury following prolonged partial SE in a patient with previously known generalized seizure disorder.

Child clinical/pediatric neuropsychology: some recent advances.

The neuropsychological assets and deficits of several types of pediatric neurological disease, disorder, and dysfunction are described. These are examined from the perspective of the syndrome of nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) and the "white matter model" designed to explain its complex manifestations. It is concluded that children with some of these diseases exhibit the NLD phenotype, whereas others do not. For the most part, the diseases in which the NLD phenotype is particularly evident are those wherein it has been demonstrated that perturbations of white matter (long myelinated fibers) are particularly prominent.