Use of high-performance liquid chromatography for the estimation of polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p-DDE residues in marine mammals.

We present a screening technique for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p-DDE residue levels in marine mammal blubber using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method modifies the standard extraction and clean-up methods for organochlorines for use with HPLC and uses a method of chemical derivatization to separate and semi-quantify the two organochlorines with HPLC.

Temperature regulation in mice during withdrawal from ethanol dependence.

Temperature regulation during withdrawal from ethanol dependence was studied in mice. Dependence was induced utilizing ethanol vapor inhalation combined with injections of pyrazole, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor. One control group received vehicle (0.9% NaCl); another received pyrazole (68.1 mg/kg) in vehicle. During withdrawal, mice were placed in a thermal gradient, with core temperature (Tc) and preferred temperature (Tpref) continuously recorded for 26 h. During the period of maximal withdrawal severity (4-10 h after removal from ethanol vapor), the withdrawal group was more active than controls. Withdrawal group Tc [36.4 +/- 0.1 (SE) degrees C] was similar to that of NaCl (36.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C) and pyrazole (36.3 +/- 0.2 degrees C) controls. Withdrawal group Tpref (30.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C) was significantly lower than either NaCl (33.5 +/- 0.3 degrees C) or pyrazole (32.9 +/- 0.5 degrees C) controls. Analysis of covariance with activity as covariate indicated that the difference between Tc and Tpref was greater for the withdrawal group and was due to more than increased activity. Mice withdrawing at constant temperature (29.5 degrees C) did not show Tc different from that of controls. These results support the conclusion that regulated body temperature is not altered during withdrawal. We propose that the lower Tpref of withdrawing mice represents a means of dissipating excess heat that is partly generated by the hypermetabolic state accompanying withdrawal from ethanol dependence.