RESUMO
Congestive heart failure is a growing problem in the Western world, which modern therapeutic options are doing little to ameliorate. Dynamic cardiomyoplasty may be one option which has great potential. This article reviews the use of skeletal muscle for circulatory assist and suggests that, with further work, it should take a significant place in the treatment armamentarium.
Assuntos
Cardiomioplastia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Circulação Assistida/métodos , Cardiomioplastia/métodos , Cardiomioplastia/tendências , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/transplanteRESUMO
Advances in the technology of gas exchange analysers have made cardiopulmonary exercise testing a relatively simple, cheap and reliable diagnostic tool. Its practice and uses include grading the severity of heart failure, evaluation of the cause of exertional dyspnoea and monitoring a patient's response to therapy. Areas of debate and future development are highlighted.
Assuntos
Teste de Esforço , Coração/fisiologia , Respiração/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Dispneia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Cardiopatias/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Consumo de Oxigênio , Troca Gasosa PulmonarRESUMO
Temperature difference between the rectum and anal canal is a fundamental requirement for the hypothesis that temperature sensation is of physiological importance in discrimination of anorectal contents occurring during the 'sampling reflex'. The temperature gradient between the rectum and the anal canal was measured in 47 normal subjects (mean age 51.6 years +/- 16.8 s.d., 24 men). The maximum mean difference in temperature between the rectum and the anal canal was 0.13 degrees C (0.06-0.19, 95 per cent confidence intervals) and occurred 4 cm from the anal verge. This difference is too small to be detected by the anal canal mucosa. Under normal physiological circumstances the conscious appreciation of temperature of faeces passing from the rectum to the anal canal is impossible during the anorectal sampling reflex.
