Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of HER2-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

Lung cancer is the most common malignancy in the world and the leading cause of cancer death. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) refers to the NSCLC caused by mutation, amplification or overexpression of the HER2 gene, resulting in its dysfunction. HER2 is the most active receptor in the HER family and can combine with other members to form dimers, which can activate multiple signaling pathways and regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. In NSCLC, HER2 positivity is usually considered a poor prognostic marker. At present, the diagnosis and treatment of HER2-positive NSCLC are not mature. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), next generation sequencing (NGS) and other technologies are often used to detect the positive status of HER2 mutation, amplification or overexpression. In previous studies, antitumor drugs did not show ideal therapeutic effects in HER2-positive NSCLC. However, in recent years, related researches have shown that antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and new tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in targeted therapy show good antitumor activity against HER2 positive NSCLC. This article summarized the progress in diagnosis and treatment of HER2-positive NSCLC, so as to provide reference for subsequent researches.
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Corrigendum to "miR-375 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing PDK1".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/9704245.].

miR-375 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing PDK1.

PURPOSE: In patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the expression of PDK1 is remarkably improved in NPC tissue and correlated with the clinicopathological severity of NPC. We expressed miR-375 in NPC cells to study the effects on PDK1 gene expression. We also investigated the mechanism by which miR-375 affects the biological behavior of NPC cells through effects on PDK1. METHODS: qRT-PCR was carried out to analyze miR-375 and PDK1 levels in NPC cells. NPC cells were transfected with miR-375 inhibitor or miR-375 mimic. CCK-8 testing, colony formation testing, transwell testing, and flow cytometry analysis were carried out to quantify the cells' biological behavior. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the recovery of PDK1 expression was able to reverse the influence of miR-375 inhibition on NPC diffusion and intrusion. The interaction between miR-375 and PDK1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene testing. RESULTS: The results revealed that miR-375 has a negative regulatory effect on PDK1 expression in NPC cells. Furthermore, PDK1 is a target gene for miR-375. The empirical results obtained demonstrated a negative correlation between tumor development and the level of miR-375 expression in NPC tissues. The excessive expression of miR-375 and the downregulation of PDK1 facilitated the diffusion and invasion of NPC cells. CONCLUSION: The diffusion and incursion of NPC cells may be inhibited by direct targeting of PDK1 and decreasing the expression of miR-375. Our study highlights efforts to target PDK1 and miR-375 as potential therapeutic strategies for use in the treatment of NPC.

Effect of surgical time on the development of visual refraction in children with congenital entropion and trichiasis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the effect of surgical time on the development of visual refraction in children with congenital entropion and trichiasis.<p>METHODS: This was a prospective interventional study. Fifty nine eyes of 30 patients aged from 2 to 12 years old who suffered congenital lower eyelid entropion with trichiasis were divided into three groups according to the age. Improvement in binocular vision, refractive error, retinography astigmatism and cornea astigmatism by topography were analyzed. All patients were followed up for a period of 6 to 12mo.<p>RESULTS: There were no significant complications of overcorrection, undercorrection or eyelid deformity. The postoperative corneal astigmatism(CC)was significantly improved in three groups(<i>P</i><0.05). retinography astigmatism(RC)and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)were significantly improved in low-aged and middle-aged groups(<i>P</i><0.05). The proportion of astigmatism with the rule and amblyopia was larger in middle-aged group. The postoperative CC, RC and BCVA was not statistically different in high-aged group(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSIONS: Children with congenital entropion and trichiasis should be corrected surgically before 6 years old. The incidence of astigmatism with the rule and amblyopia is higher in 4 to 6 aged children and should be corrected earlier.

Efficacy of serotonin receptor agonists in the treatment of functional dyspepsia: a meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is typically treated with serotonin receptor (5-HT) agonists such as cisapride, mosapride, tegaserod and tandospirone citrate. However, there are conflicting efficacy data, possibly due to significant heterogeneity between studies. In this meta-analysis, we analyzed the efficacy and safety data from studies evaluating the efficacy of serotonin receptor agonists in patients with FD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Relevant studies were selected from the Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases. The meta-analysis included 10 RCTs which evaluated the efficacy of serotonin receptor agonists in patients with FD (final total of 892 patients in the serotonin receptor agonist group, and 640 participants in the placebo group). The primary outcomes were the response rates and abdominal symptoms score. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess risk. Sensitivity analysis was carried out using the leave-one-out approach. RESULTS: Patients treated with serotonin receptor agonists had a significantly higher response rate compared to placebo-treated patients (pooled OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 1.15-7.77; p = 0.025). Patients treated with serotonin receptor agonists had a significant improvement in symptom scores compared to the placebo group (pooled standardized mean difference = -0.43; 95% CI: -0.83 to -0.04; p = 0.031). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the pooled estimates for abdominal symptom score might be affected by the Yeoh et al. (1997) study. CONCLUSIONS: Serotonin receptor agonists had a significantly higher efficacy compared to placebo in the treatment of FD.

Progress on the Study of PD-L1 Detection Methods in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors play an important role in the first-line and second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), indicating a new treatment strategy of NSCLC. Completed clinical trials have shown that effective detection of PD-L1 expression is the key to the use of immunosuppressive agents. However, the gold standard for PD-L1 detection has still lacked. In recent years, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been continuously innovated, which accounts for good prospect in PD-L1 detection. The research progress of PD-L1 detection methods in NSCLC is summarized in this review.
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Clinical effect of laser photocoagulation combined with minimal doses of intravitreal Ranibizumab for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the clinical effect of laser photocoagulation combined with minimal doses of intravitreal ranibizumab(IVR)for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity(AP-ROP).<p>METHODS: Medical records of 36 eyes of 18 premature infants with a primary diagnosis of AP-ROP were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. All the lesions were located in posterior zone, with 22 eyes in zone 1 and 14 eyes in zone 2. Six eyes had iris rubeosis, while 8 eyes combined with vitreous hemorrhage. All participants were divided into injection group(0.4mg)or combined group(0.25mg)randomly. Laser photocoagulation was applied on the avascular retina, sparing two-disc diameter width temporal avascular area anterior to ridge in the combined group, meanwhile, a minimal dose(0.25mg)of IVR was conducted. Follow-up ranged from 12-24mo, with a mean of 18.7±6.3mo. The anatomical results and complications were recorded after treatment.<p>RESULTS: AP-ROP regressed after single therapy in two groups. No infants had localized proliferation or detachment post total treatment. The regression time of neovascular ridges and plus-diseases were 2.01±0.32 and 1.92±0.51wk respectively in injection group, and both were 1.75±0.29wk in combined group. The differences between those two groups were statistically significant(<i>t</i>=3.32, 4.16; <i>P</i><0.05). The regression time of rubeosis was 1.59±0.07wk in injection group, 1.34±0.18wk in combined group. The differences between those two groups were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The combination of laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of minimal dosage of ranibizumab is safe and effective in the treatment of AP-ROP.

Clinical effect of semi-panretinal laser photocoagulation in prethreshold and threshold retinopathy of premature infants / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the clinical curative effect of semi-panretinal laser photocoagulation in treatment of the prethreshold and threshold retinopathy of premature(ROP)infants.<p>METHODS:Totally 25 patients with ROP were selected, 24 eyes of prethreshold, 22 eyes of threshold period. All preterm infants(46 eyes)were given semi-panretinal laser photocoagulation vialaser indirect ophthalmoscopy and completed the 42-881(362±59.6)d follow-up period.<p>RESULTS: ROP regressed after single photocoagulation in 38 eyes(83%)and in 8 eyes(17%)after the second photocoagulation totally. No infants had localized proliferation or detachment post total treatment. The regression of retinopathy was found in 22 eyes in prethreshold group(92%)and in 16 eyes in threshold group(73%), while the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The effects of semi-panretinal laser photocoagulation in treatment of the prethreshold and threshold ROP are quite. The benefits of protected larger vision field have the potential to improve ROP outcomes.

Correlation Analysis of Apoptosis and Clinical Indicators in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocyte apoptosis gene in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with cold dampness type (CDT), and to explore its correlation with clinical indicators of RA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen RA patients with CDT (as the RA group) and 16 healthy subjects (as the normal control group) were recruited. CD4 T cell apoptosis rate was detected in the RA group and the normal control group using FCM. mRNA expressions of fas, fasL, caspase-3, caspase-8, bcl-2, and bax were detected using RT-PCR. Correlations between the expression of apoptosis gene and clinical activity indicators of RA (ESR, CRP, RF, CCP, integrals for Chinese medial symptoms, morning stiffness time, joint tenderness number, joint swelling number, DAS28-3) were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The apoptosis rate of CD4+ T was significantly lower in the RA group than in the control group [(2. 6 +/- 0.9) % vs. (7.7 +/- 1.3) %, P < 0.01]. mRNA expression levels of fas, fasL, caspase-8, caspase-3, and bax mRNA of CD4+ T significantly decreased, but bcl-2 mRNA expression increased in the RA group (P < 0.01). The apoptosis rate of CD4+ T was negatively correlated with ESR (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of caspase-8 was negatively correlated with joint swelling number (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of bcl-2 was negatively correlated with integrals for Chinese medial-symptoms and joint function classification (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Apoptosis obstacle exists in peripheral blood CD4 +T lymphocyte of RA patients, and is closely related to disease activity.</p>

Clinical effectiveness of the PolyScope™ endoscope system combined with holmium laser lithotripsy in the treatment of upper urinary calculi with a diameter of less than 2 cm.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of the PolyScope™ endoscope system in the treatment of upper urinary calculi with a diameter of <2 cm. A total of 86 patients hospitalized with upper urinary tract calculi were included. The patients were placed under general or spinal anesthesia and in a lithotomy position. Following the dilation of the ureter, a guide wire was inserted under the direct vision of an F8/9.8 rigid ureteroscope, and an F12/14 flexible ureteral access sheath was positioned along the guide wire. Holmium laser lithotripsy was subsequently performed, using an F8.0 'PolyScope' modular flexible ureteroscope. Plain film of the kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) was performed 1 day subsequent to the surgery, in order to determine the result of the lithotripsy and the position of the double-J stent which was inserted after after holmium laser lithotripsy. In addition, in certain patients, KUB radiography was performed 2-4 weeks subsequent to the surgery, and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) was performed if the diameter of the residual stones was >6 mm. Lithotripsy was successful in 77 patients and the duration of the surgery ranged between 25 and 80 min (mean duration, 42 min). Little bleeding was observed. Three patients presented with a slight fever following the surgery; however, no ureteral perforation, high fever or septicemia was observed among the patients following anti-inflammatory treatment. The stone-free rate (SFR) of the single-pass lithotripsy was 89.5% (77/86) and the SFR with ESWL was 96.5% (83/86). The study demonstrated that the F8 modular flexible ureteroscope was safe, convenient and effective for the lithotripsy of upper-tract calculi.

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates from intensive care units during 2012 / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of main clinical isolates from ICU during 2012 .Methods Auto-matic microbiology analysis system and the disk diffusion method were performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility .All the data were analyzed by WHONET5 .6 software according to the breakpoints of The American Association of Clinical Laboratory Standardization Institute (CLSI) 2012 .Results A total of non-repeated 1 374 clinical isolates were collected in ICU during 2012 , including 1 089 strains (79 .3% ) of Gram-negative bacilli and 285 strains (20 .7% )of Gram-positive cocci ;The top five pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus ;Some Enterobacteriaceae strains were resistant to imipenem or ertapenem .2 strains of Enterococcus faecium were found resistant to van-comycin .Conclusion Non-fermenting bacteria ,Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococci remain the predominant pathogens isolated from the patients in ICU ,their drug resistance is serious ,it is important to use antibacterial agents rationally and strengthen the sur-veillance of bacterial drug resistance .

[Effect of drought on photosynthetic characteristics and growth of Jatropha curcas seedlings under different nitrogen levels].

A pot experiment with controlled water supply was conducted to study the effects of drought stress (continuous drought for 0 d, 5 d, 10 d, ... 45 d) on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of Jatropha curcas seedlings under different nitrogen fertilization levels (N0, 0 kg N x hm(-2); N(L), 96 kg N x hm(-2; N(M), 288 kg N x hm(-2); N(H), 480 kg N x hm(-2)). With the enhancement of drought stress, the leaf relative water content (RWC1), height growth (Z(h)), basal diameter growth (Z(d), leaf area (L(a)), net photosynthetic rate ( P(n)), transpiration rate (T(r)), and stomatal conductance (G(s)) decreased significantly (P < 0.01), irrespective of nitrogen fertilization level. The chlorophyll (Chl) content and water use efficiency (WUE) increased first and decreased then, while the intercellular CO2, concentration (C(i)) had an increase after an initial decrease. Under adequate water condition, nitrogen fertilization promoted the photosynthesis and growth of J. curcas seedlings to different degrees, and the effect was increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization level. Under drought stress, the effects of nitrogen nutrition on the photosynthesis and growth were dependent on drought intensity and nitrogen fertilization level. Specifically, increasing nitrogen fertilization level could promote the photosynthesis and growth of J. curcas seedlings under mild drought, the promotion effect of N(M) was higher than that of N(L) and N(H) under moderate drought, and N(L) had the best promotion effect while N(H) weakened the effect or made it negative under severe drought.