Plasma volume, cell volume, total blood volume and F factor in the tree shrew.

In this study, the physiological values of volumes of plasma, cells, total blood and the F blood factors were identified in 24 adult tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri; 12 male and 12 female; average BW of 123.9±19.19 g). The two-compartment model method of Evans Blue dye was used to obtain the plasma volume and the venous hematocrit was measured by microhematocrit method. To establish the relationship between body weight (BW) and blood volume of tree shrews, We performed linear fitting for these two datasets. Results were analyzed according to gender and weight (<120g vs.>120g). Statistical significance was assessed using the unpaired student t test and one-way ANOVA. The average volumes per 100g body weight of plasma, red blood cell (RBC) and total blood were 5.42±0.543, 3.24±0.445, and 8.66±0.680ml respectively. The mean body hematocrit, cardiac hematocrit, jugular vein hematocrit, femoral vein hematocrit, and tail vein hematocrit was 37.43±4.096, 39.72±3.219, 43.04±4.717, 40.84±3.041, and 38.71±3.442% respectively. The F cardiac was 0.94±0.072, F jugular vein 0.88±0.118, F femoral vein 0.92±0.111, and the F tail vein 0.97±0.117. Blood volume (ml) was 85.89103×BW (kg). This is the first study to provide the parameters of plasma volume, cell volume, total blood volume and F factor and a baseline for future research on blood physiology of tree shrews.

The Kinetochore Protein Spc105, a Novel Interaction Partner of LaeA, Regulates Development and Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus flavus.

Nuclear protein LaeA is known as the global regulator of secondary metabolism in Aspergillus. LaeA connects with VeA and VelB to form a heterotrimeric complex, which coordinates fungal development and secondary metabolism. Here, we describe a new interaction partner of LaeA, the kinetochore protein Spc105, from the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus. We showed that in addition to involvement in nuclear division, Spc105 is required for normal conidiophore development and sclerotia production of A. flavus. Moreover, Spc105 positively regulates the production of secondary metabolites such as aflatoxin and kojic acid, and negatively regulates the production of cyclopiazonic acid. Transcriptome analysis of the Δspc105 strain revealed that 23 backbone genes were differentially expressed, corresponding to 19 of the predicted 56 secondary metabolite gene clusters, suggesting a broad regulatory role of Spc105 in secondary metabolism. Notably, the reduced expression of laeA in our transcriptome data led to the discovery of the correlation between Spc105 and LaeA, and double mutant analysis indicated a functional interdependence between Spc105 and LaeA. Further, in vitro and in vivo protein interaction assays revealed that Spc105 interacts directly with the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-binding domain of LaeA, and that the leucine zipper motif in Spc105 is required for this interaction. The Spc105-LaeA interaction identified in our study indicates a cooperative interplay of distinct regulators in A. flavus, providing new insights into fungal secondary metabolism regulation networks.

Electrophysiological change in the tensor veli palatini muscle after radiotherapy.

CONCLUSION: Electromyography of the tensor veli palatine (TVP) was abnormal and showed mainly myogenic impairment in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with secretory otitis media (SOM) after radiotherapy. The diseased ears showed impairment in opening functions of the eustachian tubes (ETs). OBJECTIVES: To characterize electrophysiology of the TVP muscle using electromyography (EMG) in patients with SOM after radiotherapy of NPC. METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers and 20 patients with NPC and SOM after radiotherapy were chosen for assessment of EMG of the TVP during swallowing. RESULTS: The measurements of average duration and amplitude of action potential, swallowing contraction duration, and peak voltage in NPC patients with both SOM (n = 25) and healthy ears (n = 6) were significantly lower than those of ears (n = 38) in healthy controls (p < 0.01). In patients with NPC, the average action potential duration and swallowing contraction duration in ears with SOM were lower than those of subjects with healthy ears (p < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found in average amplitude of action potential and peak voltage between them.

[Clinical analyses of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in 14 nasopharyngeal carcinomas following radiotherapy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and effects of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) following radiotherapy. METHODS: The clinical characteristics and effects in 14 NPC patients (15 ears) with sudden sensorineural hearing loss following radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The sudden sensorineural hearing loss happened more in male subjects than female subjects and more in the left ear than the right ear. Its occurrence time was averaged 6.6 years following radiotherapy. Most of the patients suffered hearing loss prior to the sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz average hearing thresholds: sudden hearing loss ears (78.5 ± 24.7) dBHL, none-sudden hearing loss ears (57.0 ± 32.4) dBHL, among which, 73.33% (11/15) for sensorineural hearing loss, 26.67% (4/15) for mixed hearing loss. 12 cases had complications following radiotherapy. At least one case had posterior circulation barrier. The total effective rate was 26.67% (4/15) and four cases had relapsed and in vain thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: In NPC patients who received radiotherapy, it caused more serious sudden sensorineural hearing loss and the treatment effects were poor and hearing loss was susceptible to relapse. The pathogenesis may be related to the radiation caused posterior circulation disorders.