[Bletilla striata polysaccharide improves toxic and side effects induced by 5-FU: an untargeted metabolomics study].

This study aimed to analyze the effect of Bletilla striata polysaccharide(BSP) on endogenous metabolites in serum of tumor-bearing mice treated with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) by untargeted metabolomics techniques and explore the mechanism of BSP in alleviating the toxic and side effects induced by 5-FU. Male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a 5-FU group, and a 5-FU + BSP group, with eight mice in each group. Mouse colon cancer cells(CT26) were transplanted into the mice except for those in the normal group to construct the tumor-bearing mouse model by subcutaneous injection, and 5-FU chemotherapy and BSP treatment were carried out from the second day of modeling. The changes in body weight, diarrhea, and white blood cell count in the peripheral blood were recorded. The mice were sacrificed and sampled when the tumor weight of mice in the model group reached approximately 1 g. TUNEL staining was used to detect the cell apoptosis in the small intestine of each group. The proportions of hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow were measured by flow cytometry. Five serum samples were selected randomly from each group for untargeted metabolomics analysis. The results showed that BSP was not effective in inhibiting colon cancer in mice, but diarrhea, leukopenia, and weight loss caused by 5-FU chemotherapy were significantly improved after BSP intervention. In addition, apoptotic cells decreased in the small intestinal tissues and the percentages of hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow were significantly higher after BSP treatment. Metabolomics results showed that the toxic and side effects of 5-FU resulted in significant decrease in 29 metabolites and significant increase in 22 metabolites in mouse serum. Among them, 19 disordered metabolites showed a return to normal levels in the 5-FU+BSP group. The results of pathway enrichment indicated that metabolic pathways mainly involved pyrimidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Therefore, BSP may ameliorate the toxic and side effects of 5-FU in the intestinal tract and bone marrow presumably by regulating nucleotide synthesis, inflammatory damage, and hormone production.

Clinical features and independent predictors of postoperative refractory trauma to anal fistula combined with T2DM: A propensity score-matched analysis-retrospective cohort study.

Background: Refractory wound is a common postoperative complication in anal fistula surgery, when combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) it presents a slower recovery time and more complex wound physiology. The study aims to investigate factors associated with wound healing in patients with T2DM. Materials and methods: 365 T2DM patients who underwent anal fistula surgery at our institution were recruited from June 2017 to May 2022. Through propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine independent risk factors affecting wound healing. Results: 122 pairs of patients with no significant differences were successfully established in matched variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that uric acid (OR: 1.008, 95% CI: 1.002-1.015, p = 0.012), maximal fasting blood glucose (FBG) (OR: 1.489, 95% CI: 1.028-2.157, p = 0.035) and random intravenous blood glucose (OR: 1.130, 95% CI: 1.008-1.267, p = 0.037) elevation and the incision at 5 o'clock under the lithotomy position (OR: 3.510, 95% CI: 1.214-10.146, p = 0.020) were independent risk factors for impeding wound healing. However, neutrophil percentage fluctuating within the normal range can be considered as an independent protective factor (OR: 0.906, 95% CI: 0.856-0.958, p = 0.001). After executing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, it was found that the maximum FBG expressed the largest under curve area (AUC), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) showed the strongest sensitivity at the critical value and maximum postprandial blood glucose (PBG) had the highest specificity at the critical value. To promote high-quality healing of anal wounds in diabetic patients, clinicians should not only pay attention to surgical procedures but also take above-mentioned indicators into consideration.

Engineering Manganese Defects in Mn3O4 for Catalytic Oxidation of Carcinogenic Formaldehyde.

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a priority pollutant in the indoor environment, which is irritative and carcinogenic to humans. The non-noble metal oxides have a wide application prospect in the decomposition of HCHO. Defects in metal oxides have been widely accepted as active sites in heterogeneous catalysis. Compared with the extensive study of oxygen defects, the effect of cation defects has not been clearly addressed. Herein, Mn defect-rich Mn3O4 was synthesized by pyrolysis of Ce-doped MnCO3. It is found for the first time that the content of Mn defects in Mn3O4 can be adjusted by introducing Ce. The introduction of Ce resulted in the higher contents of Mn defects, which significantly enhances the HCHO decomposition. Moreover, Mn defect can effectively narrow the half-metallic gap of Mn3O4, regulate the electronic structure and coordination environment of surrounding oxygen, and further improve the activity and mobility of neighboring oxygen atoms. Importantly, Mn defects are not only beneficial to the generation of neighboring oxygen vacancy but also conducive to enhancing the activation ability of oxygen vacancy for O2. The advantages resulting from Mn defects significantly enhance the HCHO decomposition. This research proposes a strategy to adjust cation defects and deepens the comprehension of the function of cation defects.

Harvesting the vibration energy of α-MnO2 nanostructures for complete catalytic oxidation of carcinogenic airborne formaldehyde at ambient temperature.

Vibration is one of the most prevalent energy sources in natural environment, which can also be harvested and utilized to drive chemical reaction. Herein, mechanical vibration is used for enhancing the catalytic decomposition of formaldehyde at ambient temperature with the assistance of four well-defined morphologies α-MnO2 (nanowire, nanotube, nanorod and nanoflower). In particular, α-MnO2 nanowire exhibits the best catalytic activity, which can completely mineralize formaldehyde into carbon dioxide at ambient temperature by harvesting the vibration energy. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first report that α-MnO2, as a non-noble metal catalyst, can completely decompose formaldehyde to carbon dioxide at ambient temperature. The characterization results show that α-MnO2 nanowire has a much higher oxygen vacancy concentration than other three catalysts. In addition, thermal effect generated from friction between nanoparticles induced by ultrasonic vibration may enhance its catalytic activity. More importantly, it is the vibration that effectively promotes the activation of O2 adsorbed on the surface oxygen vacancy to produce more , thus increasing the catalytic decomposition performance. The strategy presented herein demonstrates a new approach for efficient use of mechanical vibration to improve catalytic activity of traditional catalysts.

Management of haemorrhoids: protocol of an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of haemorrhoidal diseases was high in general population, and many treatments are proposed for the management of haemorrhoids. The treatments include conservative and surgical interventions; the credibility and strength of current evidence of their effectiveness are not comprehensively evaluated. We aim to evaluate the credibility of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that assess the effectiveness of the treatments for haemorrhoidal diseases through an umbrella review. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will search Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane library and Web of Science from inception to March 2020 without any language restriction. We will include meta-analyses that examine the effectiveness of treatments in the management of haemorrhoids. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts of retrieved articles, and they will extract data from the included meta-analyses. For each meta-analysis, we will estimate the effect size of a treatment through the random-effect model and the fixed-effect model, and we will evaluate between-study heterogeneity (Cochrane's Q and I2 statistics) and small-study effect (Egger's test); we will also estimate the evidence of excess significance bias. Evidence of each treatment will be graded according to prespecified criteria. Methodological quality of each meta-analysis will be evaluated by using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2. The corrected cover area method will be used to assess the impact of overlap in reviews on the findings of the umbrella review. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: We will present the results of the umbrella review at conferences and publish the final report in a peer-reviewed journal. The umbrella review does not require ethical approval. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019140702.