Lactylation: The emerging frontier in post-translational modification.

Lactate, a metabolic byproduct, has gained recognition as a highly influential signaling molecule. Lactylation, an emerging form of post-translational modification derived from lactate, plays a crucial role in numerous cellular processes such as inflammation, embryonic development, tumor proliferation, and metabolism. However, the precise molecular mechanisms through which lactylation governs these biological functions in both physiological and pathological contexts remain elusive. Hence, it is imperative to provide a comprehensive overview of lactylation in order to elucidate its significance in biological processes and establish a foundation for forthcoming investigations. This review aims to succinctly outline the process of lactylation modification and the characterization of protein lactylation across diverse organisms. Additionally, A summary of the regulatory mechanisms of lactylation in cellular processes and specific diseases is presented. Finally, this review concludes by delineating existing research gaps in lactylation and proposing primary directions for future investigations.

Exome analysis for Cronkhite-Canada syndrome: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare, non-genetic disorder characterized by multiple gastrointestinal polyps, and ectodermal lesions such as alopecia, fingernail atrophy, and skin mucosal pigmentation. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of CCS is currently unknown. CASE SUMMARY: Here, we describe the case of an elderly female with diarrhea, fatigue, and hair loss, who experienced abdominal pain for over half a year and was found to have multiple gastrointestinal polyps. She was diagnosed with CCS and was treated with albumin supplementation and prednisone, and her electrolyte imbalance was corrected. Following treatment, her symptoms significantly improved. To elucidate the role of potential genetic events in the pathogenesis of CCS, we performed exome sequencing using an extract of her colorectal adenoma. CONCLUSION: Our data revealed multiple somatic mutations and copy number variations. Our findings provide a novel insight into the potential mechanisms of CCS etiology.