Decoding hotline's information with text-mining: A protocol for improving tobacco control in Shanghai.

Tobacco consumption in China remains the primary cause of preventable mortality, with Shanghai being particularly affected by issues related to secondhand smoke exposure. This study explores the role of the public service hotline 12345, a grassroots initiative in Shanghai, in capturing public sentiment and assessing the effectiveness of anti-smoking regulations. Our research aims to accurately and deeply understand the implementation and feedback of smoking control policies: by identifying high-frequency points and prominent issues in smoking control work based on the smoking control work order data received by the health hotline 12320. The results of this study will assist government enforcement agencies in improving smoking monitoring and clarify the direction for improving smoking control measures. Text-mining techniques were employed to analyze a dataset comprising 78011 call sheets, all related to tobacco control and collected from the hotline between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019. This methodological approach aims to uncover prevalent themes and sentiments in the public discourse on smoking and its regulation, as reflected in the hotline interactions. Our study identified hotspots and the issues of greatest concern to citizens. Additionally, it provided recommendations to enforcement agencies to enhance their capabilities, optimize the allocation of human resources for smoking control monitoring, reduce enforcement costs and support for anti-smoking campaigns, thereby contributing to more effective tobacco control policies in the region.

A content analysis of e-cigarette related calls to the Shanghai health hotline, for the period 2014-2019.

INTRODUCTION: The health hotline (12320) of Shanghai, not only offers residents information about health knowledge, policies and regulations, but also serves as a channel for public supervision on health issues. This study explored the content of calls towards the Shanghai health hotline (SHH) related to e-cigarettes. METHODS: The call sheets related to e-cigarette received by SHH were collected from 2014 to 2019. Voice conversations were recorded by the management system of SHH and the telephone operators then converted the recordings into text to collect the information of residents. We used a natural language processor, ROST-CM6.0 to clean up and create words dictionaries and analyzed the text using a text-mining method to identify themes and other useful details. RESULTS: Among the 491 call sheets, 87.4% were for consultation and 7.5% for complaint. The issue that Shanghai citizens were concerned about most was 'whether the e-cigarette belongs to the jurisdictional scope of the Amendment', and 76.6% of the call sheets were related to this particular concern. Other concerns were 'whether e-cigarettes are harmful or not' (9.4%), 'can e-cigarettes help people quit smoking or have side effects' (6.1%), 'whether e-cigarettes can be sold openly in shopping malls and where can we buy e-cigarettes' (2.2%) and 'can minors buy e-cigarettes' (1.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The number of call sheets about e-cigarettes received by SHH has seen a significant increase since the Amendment was implemented with questions primarily focused on 'if electronic cigarettes belong to the scope of tobacco control'.

Electronic cigarette use in China: Awareness, prevalence and regulation.

INTRODUCTION: E-cigarettes were invented in China, and most of the world's e-cigarettes have been produced in China. However, awareness and use of e-cigarettes in China are lower than in Europe and America. Against the backdrop of the increasing use of e-cigarettes, the supervision of e-cigarettes in China has been almost non-existent. METHODS: A literature search was carried out in five popular Chinese and English databases. These databases were PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan-fang database. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were identified, and a comprehensive analysis of e-cigarette awareness ratio was conducted for different regions of China and according to gender, age group, and smoking status. We also examined e-cigarette use and associated risk factors, and the relationship between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation. In 2015, the prevalence of 'ever use' and 'current use' of e-cigarettes in China were 3.1% and 0.5%, respectively. The review indicates that the awareness ratio of e-cigarettes was about 66% in Hong Kong, whereas the ratio for Tianjin was lower (43.6%). Online sales were the main channel for selling e-cigarettes to 80% of the users. Awareness of e-cigarettes has been increasing in China. Awareness was higher in men compared to women in all age groups. Nevertheless, e-cigarette use in China was lower than in developed countries. E-cigarette users were more likely to try to quit smoking, but the relationship between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation is still unclear. Governance is necessary for e-cigarette use and marketing effort. CONCLUSIONS: This study investigated the awareness and use of e-cigarettes in China and the existing regulations for e-cigarette use and marketing. The lack of regulations for e-cigarette use and the unrestricted practice encourage the increase in adoption of e-cigarettes and misconceptions of the benefits of using e-cigarettes. Hence, it is crucial that the government of China prioritize the establishment and implementation of regulations for e-cigarette use and marketing.

Ion-exchanged silica-on-silicon structured channel erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers.

Silica-on-silicon structured channel erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs) were fabricated by a combination of the ion-exchange and sol-gel techniques. A small signal fiber-device-fiber net gain of 0.5 dB at 1531 nm was obtained for a 4 cm long EDWA with an optimized waveguide structure. The low noise figure of 4.0 dB was also achieved. Samples of different waveguide structures and rare-earth ion doping levels were fabricated to compare the EDWA gain properties. The results demonstrate that a better gain spectrum can be obtained by maximizing the distribution overlap of pump and signal mode intensity. The gain performance can be further improved by reducing upconversion efficiency of the EDWA. This work demonstrates that the ion-exchanged silica-on-silicon waveguide structure is an alternative approach for EDWA fabrication.

Low-loss channel waveguides and Y-splitter formed by ion-exchange in silica-on-silicon.

Low-loss ion-exchanged sol-gel channel waveguides on silicon substrate were fabricated. Ion-exchangeable aluminosilicate glass film was fabricated by sol-gel technique. Ag(+)-Li(+) thermal ion-exchange was used to achieve single mode channel waveguide. Propagation loss of 0.50 dB/cm and coupling loss of 0.76 dB/facet were measured by cutback method. A Y-branch power splitter was also fabricated. The results demonstrate that ion-exchange technique can be applied to prepare low-loss channel waveguides in thin film structures.