Systematic study of microzooplankton in mass culture of the green microalga Scenedesmus acuminatus and quantitative assessment of its impact on biomass productivity throughout a year.

The green microalgae Scenedesmus spp. can grow rapidly and produce significant amounts of protein or lipid. However, frequent microzooplankton contamination leading to reduced biomass productivity has hindered the microalgae commercialization. Here, a comprehensive investigation into harmful microzooplankton species in mass cultures of a commercially promising species Scenedesmus acuminatus were conducted throughout the year. Twenty-five microzooplankton species were identified, with the amoeba Vannella sp. and the ciliate Vorticella convallaria being the most harmful to algal cells. The results indicated that it was the harmful grazers, rather than the overall microzooplankton diversity, led to culture deterioration and reduced biomass yield. Increasing the concentration of algal inoculants or reducing culture temperature during hot summer days were found to be effective in mitigating the impact of these harmful grazers. The findings will contribute to the best management protocol for monitoring and controlling the harmful microzooplankton in mass cultures of S. acuminatus.

Effective Temporal Graph Learning via Personalized PageRank.

Graph representation learning aims to map nodes or edges within a graph using low-dimensional vectors, while preserving as much topological information as possible. During past decades, numerous algorithms for graph representation learning have emerged. Among them, proximity matrix representation methods have been shown to exhibit excellent performance in experiments and scale to large graphs with millions of nodes. However, with the rapid development of the Internet, information interactions are happening at the scale of billions every moment. Most methods for similarity matrix factorization still focus on static graphs, leading to incomplete similarity descriptions and low embedding quality. To enhance the embedding quality of temporal graph learning, we propose a temporal graph representation learning model based on the matrix factorization of Time-constrained Personalize PageRank (TPPR) matrices. TPPR, an extension of personalized PageRank (PPR) that incorporates temporal information, better captures node similarities in temporal graphs. Based on this, we use Single Value Decomposition or Nonnegative Matrix Factorization to decompose TPPR matrices to obtain embedding vectors for each node. Through experiments on tasks such as link prediction, node classification, and node clustering across multiple temporal graphs, as well as a comparison with various experimental methods, we find that graph representation learning algorithms based on TPPR matrix factorization achieve overall outstanding scores on multiple temporal datasets, highlighting their effectiveness.

Controllable self-cleaning FET self-assembled RNA-cleaving DNAzyme based DNA nanotree for culture-free Staphylococcus aureus detection.

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) poses a serious risk to human and animal health, necessitating a low-cost and high-performance analytical platform for point-of-care diagnostics. Cellulose paper-based field-effect transistors (FETs) with RNA-cleaving DNAzymes (RCDs) can fulfill the low-cost requirements, however, its high hydrophilicity and lipophilicity hinder biochemical modification and result in low sensitivity, poor mechanical stability and poor fouling performance. Herein, we proposed a controllable self-cleaning FET to simplify biochemical modification and improve mechanical stability and antifouling performance. Then, we constructed an RCD-based DNA nanotree to significantly enhance the sensitivity for SA detection. For controllable self-cleaning FET, 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane based-polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized to decorate cellulose paper and whole carbon nanofilm wires. O2 plasma was applied to regulate to reduce fluorocarbon chain density, and then control the hydrophobic-oleophobic property in sensitive areas. Because negatively charged DNA affected the sensitivity of semiconducting FETs, three Y-shaped branches with low-cost were designed and applied to synthesize an RCD-based DNA-Nanotree based on similar DNA-origami technology, which further improved the sensitivity. The trunk of DNA-Nanotree was composed of RCD, and the canopy was self-assembled using multiple Y-shaped branches. The controllable self-cleaning FET biosensor was applied for SA detection without cultivation, which had a wide linear range from 1 to 105 CFU/mL and could detect a low value of 1 CFU/mL.

Lactate activates CCL18 expression via H3K18 lactylation in macrophages to promote tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer.

This study investigates the role of lactate in the genesis and progression of ovarian cancer (OV) and explores the underlying mechanisms. Serum lactate levels show a positive correlation with tumor grade and poor prognosis in patients with OV. Bioinformatics analysis identifies CCL18 as a lactate-related gene in OV. CCL18 is up-regulated in cancerous tissues and positively related to serum lactate levels in OV patients. THP-1 cells are exposed to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate for M0 macrophage induction. The results of RT-qPCR and ELISA for M1/M2 macrophage-related markers and inflammatory cytokines show that the exposure of lactate to macrophages induces M2 polarization. Based on the coculture of OV cells with macrophages, lactate-treated macrophages induces a significant increase in the proliferation and migration of OV cells. However, these effects can be reversed by silencing of Gpr132 in macrophages or treatment with anti-CCL18 antibody. Experiments using the xenograft model verify that the oncogenic role of lactate in tumor growth and metastasis relies on Gpr132 and CCL18. ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assays reveal that lactate regulates CCL18 expression via H3K18 lactylation. In conclusion, lactate is a potential therapeutic target for OV. It is involved in tumorigenesis by activating CCL18 expression via H3K18 lactylation in macrophages.

A behavioral and eye movement study on inhibitory processing of action memory.

Recent evidence highlights the critical role of effective interference inhibition for optimal memory performance, yet its function in action memory remains relatively underexplored. The current study investigated inhibitory processes in action memory during encoding and storage stages. In Experiment 1, 100 participants were divided into high and low cognitive inhibition groups using the Stroop color naming task. They performed either a subject-performed task (SPT) or a verbal task (VT) under varying semantic interference levels to assess the interaction between individual inhibitory abilities and the inhibition processing of action memory during encoding. Results indicated no significant difference in inhibition effects (IF) between high and low inhibition groups in SPT under high semantic interference, while in VT, those with high cognitive inhibition demonstrated significantly greater IF than those with low. Experiment 2, involving 57 participants, employed a point detection task and eye-tracking to explore attentional inhibition mechanisms during action memory storage. Behavioral results showed greater IF for SPT than VT under semantic interference. Eye-tracking revealed higher initial fixation rates and shorter durations for SPT subjects during the early processing stage, and significantly fewer and shorter fixations in the later stage compared to VT subjects. These findings imply stronger inhibitory processing in SPT during both encoding and storage stages under semantic interference, with attentional inhibition of action memories occurring predominantly in the later stage.

Effects of hesperidin on the histological structure, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the liver and kidney induced by NiCl2.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hesperidin on the liver and kidney dysfunctions induced by nickel. The mice were divided into six groups: nickel treatment with 80 mg/kg, 160 mg/kg, 320 mg/kg hesperidin groups, 0.5% CMC-Na group, nickel group, and blank control group. Histopathological techniques, biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and the TUNEL method were used to study the changes in structure, functions, oxidative injuries, and apoptosis of the liver and kidney. The results showed that hesperidin could alleviate the weight loss and histological injuries of the liver and kidney induced by nickel, and increase the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in liver and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and N-acetylglucosidase (NAG) in kidney. In addition, hesperidin could increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver and kidney, decrease the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and inhibit cell apoptosis. It is suggested that hesperidin could help inhibit the toxic effect of nickel on the liver and kidney.

Research Progress of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Recent 20 Years Based on Visual Bibliometric Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To dynamically track the publications on central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and depict the research status and hot spots to guide future research. METHODS: Gather all papers published in this area between 2004 and 2024 in the WOSCC databases comprehensively, assess their trends, and characterize the contributions of various nations, authors, institutions, and journals. In addition, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R software are used to obtain the most popular keywords for the topic. RESULTS: A total of 2,203 papers were published across 1,863 institutions in 59 countries. Among these, 6,907 authors contributed to publications in 300 journals and generated a total of 35,638 citations. The number of publications continues to grow steadily. Notably, Jay Chhablani's team/Lab stands out as the leading contributor with ownership of 84 publications. Through keyword network analysis and clustering techniques, risk factor-related clustering, imaging-related clustering, pathogenesis-related clustering, and treatment-related clustering were identified. Furthermore, keyword analysis has unveiled emerging frontier areas including pachychoroid disease, choroidal vasculature abnormalities, PDT therapy, and optical coherence tomography that have garnered increasing interest. CONCLUSION: This study presents a comprehensive review of central serous retinopathy research conducted in the past two decades, highlighting key trends and exploring emerging research frontiers within this field. As such, it provides valuable references and suggestions for researchers engaged in studying this topic.

A CRISPR/Cas12a-based fluorescence method for the amplified detection of total antioxidant capacity.

The CRISPR/Cas12a system is a powerful signal amplification tool that has been widely used in nucleic acid detection. It has also been applied to the assay of non-nucleic acid targets, mainly relying on strategies for converting target determination into nucleic acid detection. Herein, we describe a CRISPR/Cas12a-based fluorescence method for sensitive detection of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by utilizing a strategy of converting TAC determination into Mn2+ detection. Specifically, the reduction of MnO2 nanosheets by antioxidants produces plenty of Mn2+, which accelerates the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a. Thus, a fluorescence enhanced detection method for TAC was established, with a detection limit as low as 0.04 mg L-1 for a typical antioxidant, ascorbic acid. More importantly, this method has been proven to successfully analyze TAC in beverages. The excellent analytical performance of this method demonstrates the great potential of the CRISPR/Cas12a system in simple and sensitive TAC analysis.

Targeting nanoplatform synergistic glutathione depletion-enhanced chemodynamic, microwave dynamic, and selective-microwave thermal to treat lung cancer bone metastasis.

Once bone metastasis occurs in lung cancer, the efficiency of treatment can be greatly reduced. Current mainstream treatments are focused on inhibiting cancer cell growth and preventing bone destruction. Microwave ablation (MWA) has been used to treat bone tumors. However, MWA may damage the surrounding normal tissues. Therefore, it could be beneficial to develop a nanocarrier combined with microwave to treat bone metastasis. Herein, a microwave-responsive nanoplatform (MgFe2O4@ZOL) was constructed. MgFe2O4@ZOL NPs release the cargos of Fe3+, Mg2+ and zoledronic acid (ZOL) in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). Fe3+ can deplete intracellular glutathione (GSH) and catalyze H2O2 to generate •OH, resulting in chemodynamic therapy (CDT). In addition, the microwave can significantly enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby enabling the effective implementation of microwave dynamic therapy (MDT). Moreover, Mg2+ and ZOL promote osteoblast differentiation. In addition, MgFe2O4@ZOL NPs could target and selectively heat tumor tissue and enhance the effect of microwave thermal therapy (MTT). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that synergistic targeting, GSH depletion-enhanced CDT, MDT, and selective MTT exhibited significant antitumor efficacy and bone repair. This multimodal combination therapy provides a promising strategy for the treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer patients.

Estrogen receptor ß activation alleviates inflammatory bowel disease by suppressing NLRP3-dependent IL-1ß production in macrophages via downregulation of intracellular calcium level.

INTRODUCTION: Although several estrogen receptor ß (ERß) agonists have been reported to alleviate IBD, the pivotal mechanism remains obscure. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects and mechanisms of ERß activation on cytokine/chemokine networks in colitis mice. METHODS: Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) and trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) were used to induce mouse colitis model. Multiple molecular biological methods were employed to evaluate the severity of mouse colitis and the level of cytokine and/or chemokine. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis, ELISA and immunofluorescence results showed that the targeted cytokines and/or chemokines associated with ERß expression and activation is IL-1ß, and the anti-colitis effect of ERß activation was significantly attenuated by the overexpression of AAV9-IL-1ß. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that ERß activation led to most evident downregulation of IL-1ß expression in colonic macrophages as compared to monocytes and neutrophils. Given the pivotal roles of NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasome activation in the production of IL-1ß, we examined the influence of ERß activation on inflammasome activity. ELISA and WB results showed that ERß activation selectively blocked the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly-mediated IL-1ß secretion. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and calcium signaling play crucial roles in the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. WB and immunofluorescence results showed that ERß activation reduced intracellular CaSR expression and calcium signaling in colonic macrophages. Combination with CaSR overexpression plasmid reversed the suppressive effect of ERß activation on NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, and counteracting the downregulation of IL-1ß secretion. CONCLUSION: Our research uncovers that the anti-colitis effect of ERß activation is accomplished through the reduction of IL-1ß levels in colonic tissue, achieved by specifically decreasing CaSR expression in macrophages to lower intracellular calcium levels and inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome assembly-mediated IL-1ß production.

Ionones from cigar tobacco leaves.

Phytochemical studies on cigar tobacco leaves led to the isolation of 18 ionone-type compounds, including previously undescribed cigatobanes E (1) and F (2). Additionally, compounds vomifoliol acetate (3), dehydrovomifoliol (4), 8,9-dihydromegastigmane-4,6-diene-3-one (5), 7α,8α-epoxyblumenol B (6), 3-oxoactinidol (12), and loliolide acetate (15), 4ß-hydroxy-dihydroactinidiolide (17), were found in tobacco leaves for the first time. The structural elucidation of all compounds was accomplished through rigorous spectral analysis.

[Research progress on the dynamic role and intervention value of autophagy in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage].

The repair of the nervous system after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonates lacks specific therapeutic approaches, posing a challenge and hot topic in the medical field. Autophagy, as a cellular self-repair mechanism, plays a role through different signaling pathways at different stages, yet its specific roles and mechanisms in different stages of HIBD remain unclear. This article reviews the recent research advancements on autophagy in different neonatal HIBD stages: heightened autophagic activity manifests during the acute hypoxic-ischemic phase, with its neuroprotective or deleterious impact subject to ongoing debate; during the subacute and chronic phases, autophagy exert dual effects on neuronal death and repair; in sequelae period, autophagy-related studies are still insufficient, but the expression levels of autophagy-related genes (ATG) in children with cerebral palsy suggest both positive and negative aspects of autophagy post-HIBD. Collectively, optimal autophagic flux facilitates the elimination of detrimental substrates and toxic proteins, thereby engendering neuroprotection. Further studies on the roles and mechanisms of autophagy in HIBD therapy holds promise for devising efficacious preventative and therapeutic strategies rooted in autophagy, and to improve the survival rate and quality of life of the children.

Change in Healthy Lifestyle and Subsequent Risk of Cognitive Impairment Among Chinese Older Adults: A National Community-Based Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The association between change in lifestyle and cognitive impairment remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of change in lifestyle with cognitive impairment. METHODS: In this study, 4 938 participants aged 65 or older were involved from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey for years 2008-2018. A weighted healthy lifestyle score was derived from 4 lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to investigate the associations between 3-year changes in healthy lifestyle (2008-2011) and cognitive impairment (2011-2018). RESULTS: Researchers documented 833 new-onset of cognitive impairments more than 20 097 person-years of follow up. Compared with those in the persistently unhealthy group, those in the improved and persistently healthy groups had a lower risk of cognitive impairment, with the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55, 0.83) and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.71), respectively. Furthermore, a significant interaction was observed between change in lifestyle and sex (p-interaction = .032); the HRs were 0.48 (95% CI, 0.34, 0.69) for the improved group and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.64) for persistently healthy group among male vs 0.81 (95% CI, 0.63, 1.04) and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.44, 0.92) among female, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that improving or maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly mitigate the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults. Additionally, researcher's findings emphasize the significance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and highlights the potential positive impact of improving previous unhealthy habits, especially for older women.

Interaction between depression and non-essential heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Hg) on metabolic diseases.

OBJECTIVES: Metal exposure and depression have each been associated with adverse metabolic diseases, but no study has examined the potential interaction between them. We examined the interaction of depression on the association between metals and metabolic diseases among adults. STUDY DESIGN: The interaction of depression in the relationship between metal and metabolic disease in adults was investigated using NHANES, a cross-sectional survey design. METHODS: By employing data from the NHANES database spanning the years 2007-2018, regression models were employed to investigate the independent impacts of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, and mercury) and depression on metabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome). Subsequently, the association between metals and metabolic diseases was explored stratified by depression, and the interaction between heavy metals and depression was explored. Because of the complex NHANES design, statistical evaluations were adjusted through weighting to represent the populace of the United States. RESULTS: We found log transformed-urinary lead was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (OR: 2.33; 95 % CI: 1.23, 4.41) in adults with depression. Log transformed-urinary lead was not associated with type 2 diabetes (OR: 0.84; 95 % CI: 0.56, 1.27) in adults without depression. The interaction between Pb and depression in type 2 diabetes was significant (P for interaction = 0.033). Log transformed-urinary lead * depression was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (OR: 1.82; 95 % CI: 1.01, 3.34) in adults. There was no significant interaction between cadmium and mercury exposure and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome (P for interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of depression positively modified the adverse associations between urinary lead and type 2 diabetes.

Analysis of TLR10 gene polymorphisms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by inflammatory synovitis, and genetic factors play the greatest role in RA. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Toll-like receptor 10(TLR10) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to RA. METHODS: A total of 271 patients with RA and an equal number of healthy controls were included, and the TLR10 rs2101521, rs10004195 and rs11725309 loci were genotyped by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, Individuals carrying the rs2101521 G allele had an increased risk of developing RA (P = 0.01; odds ratio (OR) = 1.367; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.076-1.736). Individuals with the rs2101521 GG genotype had a greater risk of RA (P = 0.01; OR = 1.816; 95 % CI: 1.161-2.984). Stratified analysis demonstrated a greater prevalence of positive anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)antibody in patients carrying the rs2101521 G allele (P = 0.03). Additionally, patients with the rs11725309 CT genotype had elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP)(P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, TLR10 gene polymorphisms are associated with RA susceptibility.

Investigating the impact of common migration substances found in milk packaging on proteases: A multispectral and molecular docking approach.

The effects of common migration substances in milk packaging on digestive protease were studied. We choose the common migrants found in eight types of multi-layer composite milk packaging. Enzyme activity experiments revealed that pepsin activity decreased by approximately 18 % at 500 µg/mL of stearic acid and stearamide treatment, while trypsin activity decreased by approximately 18 % only by stearic acid treatment (500 µg/mL). Subsequently, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and molecular docking technology were employed to investigate the inhibition mechanism of protease activity by migrating substances in three systems: stearic acid-trypsin, stearic acid-pepsin, and stearamide-pepsin. Results showed that the inhibitory effect of stearic acid on trypsin is a reversible mixed inhibition, whereas the inhibitory effects of stearic acid and stearamide on pepsin are non-competitive. In all three systems, ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0, and ΔG < 0, indicating the binding process between the migrant and the protease is a spontaneous exothermic process primarily driven by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. In addition, their binding constants are all around 104 L/moL, indicating that there are moderate binding affinities exist between migrants and proteases. The binding process results in the quenching of the protease's endogenous fluorescence and induces alterations in the enzyme's secondary structure. Synchronized fluorescence spectroscopy showed that stearic acid enhanced the hydrophobicity near the Tyr residue of trypsin. The molecular docking results indicated that the binding affinity of stearic acid-trypsin, stearic acid-pepsin, and stearamide-pepsin was -22.51 kJ/mol, -12.35 kJ/mol, -19.28 kJ/mol respectively, which consistent with the trend in the enzyme activity results. This study can provide references for the selection of milk packaging materials and the use of processing additives, ensuring food health and safety.

Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) in situ remediated heavy metal contamination in sludge nutrient soil.

Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP), as a newly developing bioremediation technology, could redeem heavy metal contamination in diverse scenarios. In this study, MICP bacterium Sporosarcina ureilytica ML-2 was employed to suppress the pollution of Pb, Cd and Zn in municipal sludge nutrient soil. After MICP remediation, the exchangeable Cd and Zn in sludge nutrient soil were correspondingly reduced by 31.02 % and 6.09 %, while the carbonate-bound Pb, Cd and Zn as well as the residual fractions were increased by 16.12 %, 6.63 %, 13.09 % and 6.10 %, 45.70 %, 3.86 %, respectively. In addition, the extractable Pb, Cd and Zn either by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) in sludge nutrient soil were significantly reduced. These results demonstrated that the bio-calcite generated via MICP helped to immobilize heavy metals. Furthermore, MICP treatment improved the abundance of functional microorganisms related to urea cycle, while reduced the overall abundance of metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This work confirmed the feasibility of MICP in remediation of heavy metal in sludge nutrient soil, which expanded the application field of MICP and provided a promising way for heavy metal pollution management.

Hapten synthesis, monoclonal antibody production and immunoassay development for analyzing spiropidion residues.

Spiropidion developed by Syngenta shows high insecticidal and acaricidal activity against a wide range of sucking pests. In this study, according to the structure of spiropidion, two haptens were synthesized by introducing carboxyl groups from the ester group. After cell fusion, a monoclonal antibody (mAb 8B5) of spiropidion was obtained. The IC50 of the established heterologous indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was 7.36 ng/mL, and its working range was 1.75-34.92 ng/mL. The average recoveries were 76.05-124.78% in the Yangtze River and citrus samples. Moreover, the ic-ELISA results of 15 citrus samples agreed well with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Overall, the established ic-ELISA could be applied for the spiropidion residue monitor in food and agricultural samples.

Reproductive factors and cardiovascular health in post-menopausal women: a special focus on natural menopause.

Female-specific reproductive factors might contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and the American Heart Association (AHA) recently proposed Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score to quantify cardiovascular health (CVH). The study aimed to examine the relationships between reproductive factors and the LE8 score among post-menopause women in the United States. We enrolled 3223 post-menopause women from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). CVH groups based on LE8 score were low (0-49), moderate (50-79), and high good CVH levels (80-100). Multivariate ordinal logistic regressions were applied to estimate the associations between reproductive factors and the LE8 score. In multivariate model, early menarche (OR: 0.69, 95 percent CI: 0.51-0.93) and early menopause (OR: 0.57, 95 percent CI: 0.43-0.77) were associated with LE8 score compared with normal menarche and menopause; Meanwhile, ages at menarche and menopause were positively correlated with LE8 score. The number of pregnancies and full-term pregnancies were negatively associated with LE8 (OR for per pregnancy increase and 95 percent CI, 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), 0.93 (0.87, 0.99), separately). Overall, natural menopausal women with early age at menarche and menopause, and a higher number of pregnancies may have a high risk of lower CVH, and need to focus on their CVH.