RESUMO
A number of disease- and patient-specific factors need to be taken into account when cancer screening is considered in an older patient. They include the impact of aging on the cancer's biology and screening test performance, the patient's remaining years of life and candidacy for further diagnostic testing and available therapies, potential barriers to compliance with screening, and the patient's values and preferences about the screening.
Assuntos
Geriatria , Neoplasias , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Programa de SEER , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Mice, rats and guinea pigs were exposed to phosgene (COCl2), a highly irritating and oxidizing gas. Animals were exposed to 87 mg/m3 phosgene for 20 min in a whole-body exposure chamber. Within 55-65 minutes after the start of exposure, plasma was scanned spectrophotometrically from 200-600 nm. A distinct and significant increase in area under the curve in the Soret band region at 413 nm was observed in plasma from phosgene-exposed animals when compared with air-exposed controls in all three species. These peaks were consistent with hemoglobin, an indication that the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane had been compromised by exposure. An erythrocyte osmotic fragility assay on blood from mice exposed to phosgene indicated that 30% less NaCl was needed to cause 50% hemolysis compared to air-exposed mice. These results suggest a new mechanism of phosgene-induced acute lung injury that may be linked, in part, to a direct attack on the erythrocyte membrane.
Assuntos
Sangue/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosgênio/toxicidade , Animais , Membrana Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Eritrocítica/fisiologia , Cobaias , Hemólise , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Fragilidade Osmótica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Valores de Referência , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
The final phase to fly five pocket mice in the Apollo XVII command module was carried out at the NASA Kennedy Space Center. Upon completion of the 13-d space flight, the package was removed from the spacecraft and, after having been purged with an oxygen-helium gas mixture, was flown to American Samo. Four of the five mice were recovered alive from the package. Analysis of the mouse that died during the flight revealed several factors that could have contributed to its death, the chief of which was massive hemorrhage in its middle ear cavities.
