Electro-oxidation and determination of antihistamine drug, cetirizine dihydrochloride at glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

A multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) film-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was constructed for the determination of an antihistamine drug, cetirizine dihydrochloride (CTZH) using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Owing to the unique structure and extraordinary properties of MWCNT, the MWCNT film has shown an obvious electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of CTZH, since it facilitates the electron transfer and significantly enhances the oxidation peak current of CTZH. All experimental parameters have been optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the oxidation peak current was linearly proportional to the concentration of CTZH in the range from 5.0×10(-7) to 1.0×10(-5)M. The detection limit was 7.07×10(-8)M with 180s accumulation. Finally, the proposed sensitive and simple electrochemical method was successfully applied to CTZH determination in pharmaceutical and urine samples.

Electro-oxidation and determination of trazodone at multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode.

A simple and rapid electrochemical method was developed for the determination of trace-level trazodone, based on the excellent properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The MWCNT-modified glassy carbon electrode was constructed and the electrochemical behavior of trazodone was investigated in detail. The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that MWCNT-modified glassy carbon electrode can remarkably enhance electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of trazodone in neutral solutions. It leads to a considerable improvement of the anodic peak current for trazodone, and allows the development of a highly sensitive voltammetric sensor for the determination of trazodone. Trazodone could effectively accumulate at this electrode and produce two anodic peaks at about 0.73 V and 1.00 V. The electrocatalytic behavior was further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for the trazodone determination by differential-pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit are 0.2-10 microM and 24 nM, respectively for trazodone. The proposed method was successfully applied to trazodone determination in pharmaceutical samples. The analytical performance of this sensor has been evaluated for detection of analyte in urine as a real sample.

Voltammetric oxidation and determination of cinnarizine at glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

The voltammetric oxidation of cinnarizine was investigated. In pH 2.5 Britton-Robinson buffer, cinnarizine shows an irreversible oxidation peak at about 1.20 V at a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified glassy carbon electrode. The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that MWCNT-modified glassy carbon electrode can remarkably enhance electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of cinnarizine. The electrocatalytic behavior was further exploited as a sensitive detection scheme for the cinnarizine determination by differential-pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit are 9.0x10(-8) to 6.0x10(-6) M and 2.58x10(-9) M, respectively for cinnarizine. The proposed method was successfully applied to cinnarizine determination in pharmaceutical samples. The analytical performance of this sensor has been evaluated for the detection of analyte in urine as a real sample.