[Severe neonatal blood loss due to umbilical cord rupture in an underwater birth]. / Hämorrhagischer Schock eines Neugeborenen aufgrund Nabelschnurruptur während Unterwassergeburt.

BACKGROUND: We present the case of an intrapartum umbilical cord rupture in an underwater birth with severe neonatal blood loss. CASE REPORT: A healthy 25-year-old gravida I with an uneventful pregnancy had an underwater birth. A completed rupture of the umbilical cord was diagnosed immediately after the newborn surfaced from the water and was laid on the mother's chest. The newborn suffered from severe haemorrhage with bradycardia and respiratory distress. It was immediately resuscitated by the neonatologist. Intravenous donation of volume and red blood cell transfusion could stabilise the vital parameters. The newborn was discharged in a state of well-being 6 days postnatally. DISCUSSION: Cases of umbilical cord rupture are reported in relationship to land and water births. Common causes of a cord rupture include haematoma of the cord vessels, trauma from an operative vaginal delivery, funisitis with localised cord necrosis, velamentous cord insertions, tumours of the umbilical cord and a short umbilical cord. A suspicious foetal heart rate might be absent. In the case of a water birth complications bear serious consequences. Proper team work between obstetricians and neonatologists is essential. CONCLUSION: Although water birth is restricted to low risk patients, unforeseen complications may occur. Because of the special situation in an underwater birth complications may be diagnosed late and their management will be more difficult. Obstetricians should be aware of this risk.

["STUMP" (smooth muscle tumour of uncertain malignant potential), a tumour of the uterus in pregnancy--a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge]. / "STUMP" (smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential), ein Uterustumor in der Schwangerschaft, eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung.

We present the case of a preterm birth in the 27 (th) week of gestation, probably due to a chorionamnionitis, with the coincidental finding of a STUMP (smooth muscle tumour of uncertain malignant potential). The STUMP is a rare tumour entity characterised by smooth muscle cells which is difficult to classify by means of histology. The WHO classification of mesenchymal tumours allocates STUMP as an intermediate tumour between a benign leiomyoma and a malignant leiomyosarcoma. If histological criteria of malignancy are not fulfilled because the type of necrosis is in doubt or the interpretation of mitotic figures is ambiguous and the tumour cannot reliably be classified as a leiomyoma, it is classified as a STUMP. Compared to malignant leiomyosarcoma, STUMP has a superior prognosis, but the biological potential of the tumour remains unclear; lymphogenic and haematogenic dissemination seems possible even after a long period of time. STUMP represents a challenge in diagnosis and treatment recommendations. We present the first description of a case of STUMP during pregnancy, raising the question of whether the histological finding in tumours of the uterus during pregnancy are important.

Is there a benefit from routine voiding cystourethrography after ureterocystoneostomy?

Surgical repair such as ureterocystoneostomy (UCN) for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) or primary obstructive megaureter (POM) is the treatment of choice after the failure of conservative therapy. To document the postoperative outcome, a voiding cystourethrography is routinely performed to exclude persisting reflux. Our aim was to evaluate the benefit of voiding cystoureterography (VCUG) in our patients with respect to radiation, discomfort to the child and costs. The medical records of all patients who underwent an ureterocystoneostomy at the Department of Paediatric Surgery in St. Gallen, Switzerland, between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2000 were reviewed in terms of the pre- and postoperative clinical course, type of surgical procedure and radiographic examinations performed. During this period, 126 renal units were operated in 81 patients. The surgical technique employed was Cohen's procedure in 121 (96 %) renal units and a Leadbetter-Politano procedure in 5 (4 %) renal units. Mean postoperative follow-up was 42 months (6 - 84). All patients had an ultrasonographic follow-up. 77 (95 %) patients underwent a VCUG with normal results one year postoperatively. VUR was found in 4 patients, 3 of them were asymptomatic one year postoperatively, one had a complication of a fistula with reflux and required reoperation 2 months after operation. The VCUG was performed earlier because of clinical und ultrasonographic findings. None of the routinely performed VCUGs led to a change of procedure. All pathologies had already been detected by clinical or ultrasonographic findings. We recommend clinical and ultrasonographic follow-up after an UCN and performance of a VCUG only when problems appear to be present.