Sleep quality and aerobic training among menopausal women--a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Menopause is associated with poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, which may lead to impaired quality of life and impaired functioning in daily activities. OBJECTIVE: To study whether exercise training improves sleep quality or decreases the amount of night time hot flushes among menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. Sedentary women (N=176) aged 43-63 years with menopausal symptoms were randomized to a six-month unsupervised aerobic training intervention (50 min 4 times per week) or a control group. Both groups attended lectures on physical activity and health once a month. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sleep quality and the amount of hot flushes disturbing sleep. The women reported daily via mobile phone whether hot flushes had disturbed their sleep and how they had slept (scale 1-5). Responses received by mobile phone over the 6-month period totaled on average 125 (5.2 per week) responses per participant. RESULTS: At baseline there was no difference between the groups in the demographic variables. Sleep quality improved significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group (OR 1.02; 95% CI=1.0-1.05, p=0.043). The odds for sleep improvement were 2% per week in the intervention group and a decrease of 0.5% per week in the control group. The amount of hot flushes related to sleep diminished (p=0.004) by the end of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic training for 6 months may improve sleep quality and reduce hot flushes among symptomatic menopausal women.

Effect of aerobic training on menopausal symptoms--a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether aerobic training affects menopausal symptoms in recently postmenopausal sedentary women. METHODS: Symptomatic women aged 45 to 63 years (N = 176; 3-36 months since last menstruation) were randomly assigned to an aerobic training or a control group. The intervention included unsupervised aerobic training for 50 minutes four times weekly for 24 weeks, whereas the control group attended health lectures twice a month. Symptoms were reported twice a day using a mobile phone. The perceived disturbance of menopausal symptoms (night sweats, mood swings, irritability, depressive mood, headache, vaginal dryness, and urinary symptoms) was evaluated on a scale from 1 (low) to 5 (high). Multilevel mixed-effect ordinal regression models were based on 17,000 responses during 24 weeks. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-four women continued until the end of the study (88% compliance rate). Baseline prevalence was as follows: night sweats, 50% to 60%; irritability and depression, 20% to 25%; mood swings, 25% to 30%; headache and urinary problems, 15% to 20%; and vaginal dryness, 10% to 15%. The prevalence of all symptoms except vaginal dryness decreased among intervention groups. According to multilevel mixed-effect ordinal regression analysis, night sweats and mood swings (P < 0.001) and disturbance of the mood swings (P < 0.001) and irritability (P < 0.001) were reduced more among the women in the intervention group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In sedentary women, aerobic training for 6 months may decrease the typical menopausal symptoms, especially night sweats, mood swings, and irritability.

Usability and feasibility of mobile phone diaries in an experimental physical exercise study.

OBJECTIVES: Wireless and mobile phone technology as a method of data collection will increase alongside conventional methods. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of a mobile phone application for recording symptoms and physical activity exertion during an experimental physical exercise study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental study on the effects of physical exercise on the well-being of menopausal women included 158 subjects between 44 and 63 years of age. The women were randomized into intervention and control groups. All participants in both groups reported daily symptoms by responding to morning and evening questionnaires via mobile phones. The usability of the mobile phone as a data collector tool was evaluated with the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire 2 months after the intervention. The feasibility evaluation was based on the frequency of responses and open questions. RESULTS: The response rates were about 70% to both morning and evening questionnaires. The average frequency of responses (n =158) to morning questionnaires was 125 (±40)/170 (±14) and to evening questionnaires was 118 (±40)/171 (±14). The response rate did not differ between the intervention and the control groups. The SUS score was on average 75.4 (range, 0-100; n =107). CONCLUSION: A mobile phone diary is a feasible and usable tool for data collection in clinical trials.

Effect of aerobic training on hot flushes and quality of life--a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether aerobic training has an effect on frequency of hot flushes or quality of life. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Symptomatic, sedentary women (n = 176), 43-63 years, no current use of hormone therapy. INTERVENTION: Unsupervised aerobic training for 50 minutes four times per week during 6 months. OUTCOMES: Hot flushes as measured with Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL, SF-36), daily reported hot flushes on phone-based diary, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and body composition. RESULTS: Intervention group had larger decrease in the frequency of night-time hot flushes based on phone diary (P for month × group = 0.012), but not on WHQ scale. Intervention group had less depressed mood (P = 0.01) than control women according to change in WHQ score. Changes in WHQ score in depressed mood (P = 0.03) and menstrual symptoms (P = 0.01) in the intervention group were significantly dependent on frequency of training sessions. HRQoL was improved among the intervention group women in physical functioning (P = 0.049) and physical role limitation (P = 0.017). CRF improved (P = 0.008), and lean muscle mass increased (P = 0.046) significantly in the intervention group as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic training may decrease the frequency of hot flushes and improve quality of life among slightly overweight women.