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1.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs ; 16(3): 225-33, 2009 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19291150

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate whether nurses' efforts and rewards, as well as the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and burnout, differ between subjects working in psychiatric vs. medical hospitals and between nurses under education and examined nurses respectively. Furthermore, the relationship between ERI and burnout was evaluated. Nursing is associated with high levels of emotional strain and heavy workloads. Burnout and a negative ERI can result in high absenteeism and turnover and have been identified as reasons why nurses leave their profession. In the last decade, working conditions of the nursing profession have changed in Germany, but somatic and psychiatric hospitals developed in different ways. This development may lead to different profiles. A sample of 389 nurses (78.8% female) in four German hospitals was investigated. A total of 147 nurses worked in psychiatric hospitals and 236 nurses worked in medical (somatic) hospitals. Fifty participants were still under education. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Inventory measures effort, reward and overcommitment at job and provides an imbalance score between effort and reward. The Maslach Burnout Inventory with the subscales, emotional exhaustion, lack of accomplishment and depersonalization, was also used. Nurses working in medical hospitals reported more burnout and had higher ERI scores. Subjects under education were comparable to examined nurses in terms of burnout but had lower ERI scores. Multiple regression analyses showed all ERI scales to be significant predictors for emotional exhaustion, while age, field of work and educational status further predict effort or ERI respectively. At present, the working situation of nurses in different settings appears to be characterized by a perceived imbalance of effort and reward and is associated with a high risk of developing burnout symptoms.


Assuntos
Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica , Recompensa , Adulto , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Emoções , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermeiros/psicologia , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/normas , Inventário de Personalidade , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica/normas , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Klin Wochenschr ; 60(7): 343-8, 1982 Apr 01.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7078029

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate whether quantification of Lipoprotein X (LP-X) through its cholesterol moiety is advantageous in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. In the case of mechanic cholestasis, LP-X cholesterol never exceeds 22% of the total serum cholesterol. Lipoprotein-X cholesterol exceeded 70 mg/dl in the plasma of 85% of all cases of acute hepatitis. The combination of lipoprotein with the activities of alkaline phosphatase and GPT allows the recognition of almost 80% of cases acute hepatitis and thereby excludes all other causes of obstructive jaundice. In addition, 84% of all patients investigated can be correctly classified using a combination of LP-X with classical parameters for cholestasis. The concentration of LP-X cholesterol alone apparently is as powerful as the usually used clinical chemical parameters. A combination of lipoprotein and the classical parameters allows a better differentiation of cholestatic liver disease with regard to the underlying cause as it is possible with each group of parameters alone.


Assuntos
Colestase/diagnóstico , Colesterol/sangue , Lipoproteína-X/sangue , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , HDL-Colesterol , Hepatite/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Fígado/enzimologia , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico
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