RESUMO
Introducción y objetivos. La cirugía bariátrica es una herramienta eficaz de control metabólico para pacientes obesos diabéticos. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la evolución del peso y el metabolismo glucídico y lipídico en pacientes obesos diabéticos intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica, durante los primeros 4 años tras la intervención. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de 104 pacientes (71 mujeres; media de edad, 53,0 ± 0,9 años; índice de masa corporal, 46,8 ± 0,7) con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de una mediana de 3 años de evolución, a los que se practicó bypass gástrico proximal laparoscópico. Resultados. La glucemia y la concentración de glucohemoglobina descendieron durante los primeros 1-3 meses y se mantuvieron estables hasta los 4 años, lo que permitió eliminar el tratamiento hipoglucemiante al 80% de los pacientes. No observamos diferencias en función del índice de masa corporal, tiempo de evolución de la diabetes mellitus o el tratamiento antidiabético previo. El peso descendió hasta los 15-24 meses, con ligera recuperación posterior. Los valores de colesterol total, triglicéridos y lipoproteínas de baja densidad mejoraron significativamente, y se había obtenido valores objetivo en alrededor del 80% de los pacientes a partir de 12 meses. Estos descensos no se correlacionaron con los cambios de peso. Las lipoproteínas de alta densidad descendieron hasta los 12 meses, con una pequeña recuperación posterior, a pesar de lo cual el 85% de los pacientes presentaban valores objetivo 24 meses tras la cirugía. Conclusiones. La cirugía bariátrica es eficaz para el tratamiento de pacientes diabéticos obesos, mejora su control metabólico y reduce el riesgo cardiovascular (AU)
Introduction and objectives. Bariatric surgery is a valuable tool for metabolic control in obese diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine changes in weight and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese diabetic patients during the first 4 years after bariatric surgery. Methods. A retrospective study was performed in 104 patients (71 women; mean age, 53.0 [0.9] years; mean body mass index, 46.8 [0.7]) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (median duration, 3 years) who underwent laparoscopic proximal gastric bypass. Results. Blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin concentrations decreased during the first 1-3 postoperative months. Values stabilized for the rest of the study period, allowing hypoglycemic treatment to be discontinued in 80% of the patients. No significant differences were observed as a function of the body mass index, diabetes mellitus duration, or previous antidiabetic treatment. Weight decreased during the first 15-24 months and slightly increased afterward. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein significantly decreased, and target values were reached after 12 months in 80% of the patients. No correlation was found between these reductions and weight loss. Similarly, high-density lipoprotein concentrations decreased until 12 months after surgery. Although concentrations showed a subsequent slight increase, target or lower high-density lipoprotein values were achieved at 24 months postintervention in 85% of the patients. Conclusions. Bariatric surgery is effective for the treatment of obese diabetic patients, contributing to their metabolic control and reducing their cardiovascular risk (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Obesidade/complicações , Cirurgia Bariátrica , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Hipercolesterolemia/complicações , Hipercolesterolemia/diagnóstico , Hipoglicemia/complicações , Hipoglicemia/diagnóstico , Lipoproteínas HDL/análise , Lipoproteínas LDL/análise , Estudos Retrospectivos , Complicações do Diabetes/diagnóstico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Glicemia/análise , Índice GlicêmicoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Bariatric surgery is a valuable tool for metabolic control in obese diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine changes in weight and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese diabetic patients during the first 4 years after bariatric surgery. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 104 patients (71 women; mean age, 53.0 [0.9] years; mean body mass index, 46.8 [0.7]) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (median duration, 3 years) who underwent laparoscopic proximal gastric bypass. RESULTS: Blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin concentrations decreased during the first 1-3 postoperative months. Values stabilized for the rest of the study period, allowing hypoglycemic treatment to be discontinued in 80% of the patients. No significant differences were observed as a function of the body mass index, diabetes mellitus duration, or previous antidiabetic treatment. Weight decreased during the first 15-24 months and slightly increased afterward. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein significantly decreased, and target values were reached after 12 months in 80% of the patients. No correlation was found between these reductions and weight loss. Similarly, high-density lipoprotein concentrations decreased until 12 months after surgery. Although concentrations showed a subsequent slight increase, target or lower high-density lipoprotein values were achieved at 24 months postintervention in 85% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery is effective for the treatment of obese diabetic patients, contributing to their metabolic control and reducing their cardiovascular risk.
