External structures of the metathoracic scent gland efferent system in the true bug superfamily Pyrrhocoroidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha).

Pyrrhocoroidea represents an important group of true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) which includes fire bugs, cotton stainers and other taxa widely used in experimental studies or known as pests. However, the morphology and phylogeny of Pyrrhocoroidea have been only poorly studied so far. Here, structures of the external scent efferent system of the metathoracic scent glands are examined in 64 out of 71 currently valid genera of Pyrrhocoroidea and scanning electron micrographs are provided for most taxa. Several characters are revealed which define each of the three higher taxa within Pyrrhocoroidea: Larginae (small auriculate peritreme lacking manubrium and median furrow; metathoracic spiracle never surrounded by evaporatorium), Physopeltinae (large, widely open ostiole; large peritremal disc with manubrium [new term], lacking median furrow; mace-like mycoid filter processes of equal shape and size on both anterior and posterior margins of metathoracic spiracle), and Pyrrhocoridae (elongate auriculate peritreme with deep median furrow). Within Pyrrhocoridae, three main types (A, B and C) of the external scent efferent system are distinguished, differring in the amount of reductions. The findings are interpreted in the context of phylogenetic hypotheses available for Pyrrhocoroidea and their close relatives, Coreoidea and Lygaeoidea. An updated identification key to the families and subfamilies of Pyrrhocoroidea applicable for both sexes is provided.

Megymenum tuberculatum, a new species of Megymenini from Java and a review of distribution of M. brevicorne (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae).

Megymenum tuberculatum Hemala Kocorek, sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae: Megymeninae: Megymenini) from Java (Indonesia) is described, illustrated and compared with M. brevicorne (Fabricius, 1787). Although the description is based on only one female specimen, the differences in the morphology of head, pronotum, and spermatheca are significant. In addition, M. brevicorne is briefly redescribed and its distribution and biology reviewed along with its first record from Nepal.

Redescription of the genus Wachsiella (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae: Physopeltinae) with description of male and comments on its tribal placement.

A detailed redescription (including first description of the male sex) of the genus Wachsiella Schmidt, 1931 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae: Physopeltinae) and its single species, Wachsiella horsti Schmidt, 1931, is provided. The systematic placement of the genus is discussed and it is placed in the tribe Physopeltini. Wachsiella horsti is a species endemic to south Sulawesi (Indonesia), known only from specimens collected in 1895-1896 and has never been reported since.

A new species of the genus Mygdonia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) from Madagascar with a key to species.

A new species, Mygdonia milivoji sp. nov. (Coreidae: Coreinae: Mictini) from south-west Madagascar is described, illustrated and compared with widely distributed M. elongata Distant, 1879. A key to Mygdonia species based on females is given and distribution of both Madagascan species is briefly discussed.