Modulatory Effect of Chlorogenic Acid and Coffee Extracts on Wnt/ß-Catenin Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

The Wnt/ß-Catenin pathway alterations present in colorectal cancer (CRC) are of special interest in the development of new therapeutic strategies to impact carcinogenesis and the progression of CRC. In this context, different polyphenols present in natural products have been reported to have modulatory effects against the Wnt pathway in CRC. In this study, we evaluate the effect of two polyphenol-rich coffee extracts and chlorogenic acid (CGA) against SW480 and HT-29 CRC cells. This involved the use of MTT and SRB techniques for cell viability; wound healing and invasion assay for the evaluation of the migration and invasion process; T cell factor (TCF) reporter plasmid for the evaluation of transciption factor (TCF) transcriptional activity; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of target genes and confocal fluorescence microscopy for ß-Catenin and E-Cadherin protein fluorescence levels; and subcellular localization. Our results showed a potential modulatory effect of the Wnt pathway on CRC cells, and we observed a reduction in the transcriptional activity of ß-catenin. All the results were prominent in SW480 cells, where the Wnt pathway deregulation has more relevance and implies a constitutive activation of the signaling pathway. These results establish a starting point for the discovery of a mechanism of action associated with these effects and corroborate the anticancer potential of polyphenols present in coffee, which could be explored as chemopreventive molecules or as adjunctive therapy in CRC.

Eventos adversos en niños hospitalizados: un desafío para el Cuidado de Enfermería / Adverse events in hospitalized children: a challenge for Nursing Care / Eventos adversos em crianças hospitalizadas: um desafio para o Cuidado de Enfermagem

Introducción: La enfermería, profesión con raíces humanistas, preocupada por las personas que confían en su cuidado, tiene como desafío garantizar la seguridad de los pacientes, incluidos los niños. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de artículos científicos publicados entre 2010 y 2017, en las bases de datos NCBI, Lilacs, Redalyc, Scielo, Elsevier, Medigraphic, Google Académico y Science Direct; escritos en español, inglés y portugués que cumplían con criterios de pertinencia metodológica y temática. Las palabras clave empleadas fueron: eventos adversos, enfermería pediátrica y seguridad del paciente. Los artículos fueron evaluados con las escalas Prisma, Strobe y Coreq. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 14 artículos que analizaban eventos adversos propios del cuidado de enfermería en niños hospitalizados relacionados con: medicamentos, infecciones, flebitis y úlceras por presión, en los cuales se concluía que factores propios del infante, los dispositivos utilizados, el ambiente institucional y el actuar del personal, pueden incidir en la ocurrencia de errores que deterioran la salud del niño. Conclusiones: Apropiarse de una cultura de seguridad que incluya la adherencia a protocolos y la reafirmación de conocimientos sobre prácticas seguras, basadas en la mejor evidencia científica, son estrategias infalibles en la mitigación y prevención de los eventos adversos en el cuidado de enfermería.

Introduction: Nursing, a profession with humanist roots, concerns about people who trust in its care, and has the challenge of guaranteeing the patients safety, including children. Methodology: A review was performed on scientific articles published between 2010 and 2017, from the data bases NCBI, Lilacs, Redalyc, Scielo, Elsevier, Medigraphic, Google Scholar and Science Direct; written in Spanish, English and Portuguese and met the pertinent methodological and subject criteria. The keywords employed were: adverse events, pediatric nursing and patient safety. The articles were evaluated with the PRISMA, STROBE and COREQ guidelines. Results: 14 articles were selected, these analyzed adverse events proper of nursing care in hospitalized children related to: medication, infections, phlebitis and pressure ulcers, concluding that factors specific to the infant, used devices, institutional environment and personnel performance incites the occurrence of errors that deteriorate the health of the child. Conclusions: Appropriating a safety culture that includes the adherence to protocols and the reaffirmation of knowledge about safe practices based on the best scientific evidence, are infallible strategies in the mitigation and prevention of adverse events in nursing care.

Introdução: A enfermagem, profissão com raízes humanistas, preocupada pelas pessoas que confiam em seu cuidado, tem como desafio garantir a segurança dos pacientes, incluídas as crianças. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão de artigos científicos publicados entre 2010 e 2017, nas bases de dados NCBI, Lilacs, Redalyc, Scielo, Elsevier, Medigraphic, Google Acadêmico e Science Direct; escrito em espanhol, inglês e português que preencheram critérios de relevância metodológica e temática. As palavras chave empregadas foram: eventos adversos, enfermagem pediátrica e segurança do paciente. Os artigos foram avaliados com as escalas Prisma, Strobe e Coreq. Resultados: Foram selecionados 14 artigos que analisavam eventos adversos próprios do cuidado de enfermagem em crianças hospitalizadas relacionados com: medicações, infecções, flebites e úlceras por pressão, nos quais se concluía que fatores próprios do bebê, os dispositivos utilizados, o ambiente institucional, o agir do pessoal, podem incidir na ocorrência de erros que deterioram a saúde da criança. Conclusões: Criar uma cultura de segurança que inclua a aderência a protocolos e a reafirmação de conhecimentos sobre práticas seguras, baseadas na melhor evidência científica, são estratégias infalíveis na mitigação e prevenção dos eventos adversos no cuidado de enfermagem.

Betulinic, oleanolic and ursolic acids inhibit the enzymatic and biological effects induced by a P-I snake venom metalloproteinase.

Betulinic acid (BA), Oleanolic acid (OA) and Ursolic acid (UA), are pentacyclic triterpenoids with widespread occurrence throughout the plant kingdom, these compounds are widely recognized by their pharmacological and biological properties, such as, anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and hepatoprotective activity. In this work we determined the inhibitory ability of these compounds on the enzymatic, hemorrhagic, myotoxic and edema-inducing activities of Batx-I, a P-I metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops atrox venom. BA, UA and OA inhibited the proteolytic activity of Batx-I on gelatin with IC50 values of 115.3, 223.0 and 357.3 µM, respectively. Additionally, these compounds showed inhibition of the hemorrhagic activity of Batx-I in skin with IC50 345.7, 643.5 and 1077.0 µM for BA, UA and OA in preincubation experiments. In studies with independent-injection, in which Batx-I was injected and then, at the same site, a concentration of 600 µM of each compound were administered at either 0, 5 or 10 min, BA showed a significant reduction of hemorrhage at 0 and 5 min. In addition, these compounds inhibited myotoxicity and edema-forming activity of Batx-I at 600 µM concentration. Molecular docking studies suggested that these compounds could occupy part of the substrate binding cleft of the enzyme affecting its catalytic cycle. In this manner, triterpenic acids are candidates for the development of inhibitors for the prevention of local tissue damage in snakebite envenomation.